Characterization of long pepper (piper longum L) genotypes using morphological, anatomical and molecular markers
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Date
2006
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Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Characterisation of long pepper (P. longum L.) genotypes using morphological, anatomical and molecular markers was undertaken at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture ,Vellanikkara during the period 2003-2006. Six female and two male accessions formed the material for the study and were subjected to morphological, anatomical, and molecular characterization.
The accessions showed variation in the morphology of vegetative and reproductive branches in leaf size, leaf shape and l/b ratio. Vegetative branches had large cordate leaves with petioles whereas reproductive branches had lanceolate leaves with rudimentary petiole. The l/b ratio of leaves of reproductive branches was higher compared to leaves of vegetative branch. The spikes of females were short, bold and greenish black on maturity whereas it was long, slender and yellow in the case of males. At early stages of spike growth, female spikes were creamy yellow and male green in colour.
The stem, leaf, and root anatomy of the male and female accession showed almost similar features. The difference was noticed in the number of medullary and cortical bundles and the presence or absence of mucilage canals. Mucilage canal was present only in the female accessions, Assam, NL-84-68 and Viswam. The male and female spikes differ in their anatomical features.
The physiological parameters revealed higher photosynthetic rate for the female accession, Viswam. The male accessions had lower photosynthetic rate compared to female accessions.
RAPD analysis done on the eight accessions using five selected primers revealed 15 to 49% variability among the accessions at the molecular level and the primer OPF 5 produced male specific bands.
The female accessions yielded maximum piperine and oil content at 60 -70 days maturity when they were greenish black and hard. Among the female accessions, Viswam, NL-84-68 and Assam recorded highest piperine and oil content. Low amounts of piperine and oil were found in male spikes also.
Based on the study three female accessions, Viswam, NL-84-68 and Assam were found to be promising types and further breeding programmes can be carried out in these accessions to improve their performance.
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