CLINICAL STUDIES ON LAPAROSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS IN SMALL ANIMALS
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Date
2008
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
Clinical studies on laparoscopic diagnosis of intraabdominal disorders in small animals were conducted in 15 clinical cases. Eligibility criteria for laparoscopy were preoperative evaluation of haemogram, serum biochemistry, radiography and / or ultrasonography as per the requirement to assess the intraabdominal disorders. The pneumoperitoneum was created with atmospheric air through veress needle. The 11 mm trocar cannula was used to create umbilical port for the insertion of 10 mm laparoscope along with 250 W halogen light source and digital camera attached for visualization as well as to save images of the affected organs. The second port was created through 6 mm trocar cannula for the manipulation of biopsy forceps. The biopsy forceps along with attached electrocautery was used for taking biopsy under the guidance of laparoscope. For laparoscopy, in dogs premedicated with atropine sulphate @ 0.04 mg / kg b. wt. SC, general anaesthesia was achieved by IV administration of ketamine - diazepam combination @ 10 mg / kg b. wt. and 0.5 mg / kg b. wt., respectively. The normal anatomical visualization of visceral organs was possible through 10 mm rigid laparoscope for both cranial as well as caudal part of abdominopelvic organs from the port created at the umbilical site. The laparoscopic examination in the present study diagnosed the pathological lesions in abdominopelvic organs like liver, kidney, spleen, intestine and urogenital organs. It facilitated the diagnosis by histopathology after taking biopsy from the morphologically pathological organ. The affections of liver diagnosed by laparoscopy were cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, neoplasm and ascites. The renal affection like gross enlargement along with adhesions, suspected for renal neoplasm was diagnosed after initial screening and early decision was taken for unilateral nephrectomy after laparoscopic diagnosis. The disorders like cystic ovaries and pyometra were diagnosed under the direct visualization. In pyometra, the laparoscopy revealed enlarged, pale and sacculated uterus. In another case, the presences of bilateral cystic ovaries without any adhesions were observed under laparoscopic examination and were removed laparoscopically. The laparoscopic diagnosis of intestinal affections viz., intestinal neoplasm (adenocarcinoma) and intraluminal intestinal obstruction (phytobezor) were made and removed surgically. The splenic affections like neoplasm of spleen and presence of granulomatous mass along with spleen were diagnosed with the help of laparoscopy. In these cases, laparoscopic biopsy was not attempted due to possible coagulopathy. There were no complications reported after the laparoscopic examination. The sites of ports healed within 5 days without any complications. Confirmative diagnosis was made in all clinical cases under the guidance of laparoscopy. The present study indicated that, the laparoscopic diagnosis provides confirmative diagnosis in intraabdominal abnormalities in small animals and satisfactory results were obtained during the studies to start palliative treatment. It was concluded from the present study that, the laparoscopy facilitated proper visualization of the abdominopelvic organs along with biopsy of the morphological lesions and was found to be a reliable diagnostic tool in giving confirmative diagnosis and prognosis of the case.
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VETERINARY SURGERY, A STUDY