Characterization of Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Yield and Descriptor traits
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Date
2020
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Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAU, Sabour
Abstract
Katarni is traditional non-basmati aromatic rice in Bihar and extensively grown in few blocks of districts of Bhagalpur, Munger and Banka. It has recently been granted Geographical Indication tag due to its territory specific quality traits. The traditional Katrani rice is low yielder due to its tall height (150-170 cm) and weak stature and lodging tendency at the time maturity. To reduce the height and maturity period, a marker assisted breeding programme was initiated in 2013 by crossing Katarni with three semi-dwarf rice varieties namely Rajendra Sweta, IR64 and MTU7029. Till 2018, generation was advanced to F5 through forward breeding and homozygous Katarni derived lines were obtained. Till reaching F6 generation, due to several rounds of meiosis the degree of recombination is higher as compared to F2 populations. DUS testing of selected homozygous lines derived from crosses of Katarni at F6 generation is needed to characterize them with specified traits descriptors before releasing the promising entries as variety and to protect the Plant Breeder’s Right. Assessment of the variability among and between the Katarni derived and local aromatic landraces is needed to identify the target trait for yield enhancement. Present study was framed for assessing the distinctness and uniformity of the genotypes using morphological descriptors of rice and molecular markers. Evaluation of variability for yield attributing traits was also done in study. The result showed that out of 26 visual accessible traits, 11 characters were monomorphic, 7 characters were dimorphic and 8 characters were polymorphic. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were recorded for decorticated grain width, decorticated grain length, stem length excluding panicle and panicle number per plant indicating that the selection of these characters will be rewarding. Highly significant positive correlation of grain yield was exhibited with width of leaf blade and stem thickness. The path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters like length of leaf blade, width of leaf blade, stem thickness and decorticated grain length has positive direct effect towards grain yield. Result of molecular characterization revealed that the maximum number of allele found in RM481, RM206, RM164, RM257, RM212, RM204, RM241 and PITA-2 primer. The highest PIC value and D value was recorded for primer RM164, RM21, RM4924 and RM241. Cluster formation of genotypes based on both observable traits and molecular profiling separated the Katarni derived lines in a separate group.