STATUS OF GENUS Meloidogyne GOELDI, 1892 IN H.P. AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) AND CAPSICUM (Capsicum annuum L.)
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Date
2016
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ABSTRACT
The research explorations on the subject entitled “Status of Genus Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1892 in H.P. and its Management in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.)” were undertaken to ascertain the status of Genus Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1892, in the state of Himachal Pradesh and to explore the possibilities of nematode management in highly susceptible Tomato and Capsicum crops utilizing environment and crop friendly tools of management and confining the use of chemical nematicides to nursery level. Faunistic incidence of plant parasitic nematodes with emphasis on species of Meloidogyne was conducted by collecting 586 soil samples from the vegetations covering all the four agro-climatic zones of the state. Samples when analysed in laboratory revealed the nematode genera viz., Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus and Pratylenchus in all the zones irrespective of climate conditions and altitude. The other nematode genera registering their presence only in mid hill zone in the specific crops were Hirschmanniella (rice), Hoplolaimus (citrus and sugarcane), Macroposthonia (citrus) and Hemicycliophora (guava). Four species of Genus Meloidogyne i.e., M. incognita, M. javanica, M. graminicola and M. arenaria were identified from different host crops on the basis of their morphological characters, perineal patterns of the female and morphometric measurements. Among these, the most prevalent with cosmopolitan distribution was M. incognita recorded from most of the districts falling in various agro-climatic zones, damaging vegetable, fruit and ornamental crops. This nematode completed one life cycle in 20 days on tomato at the temperature range of 25-280C. The incidence of M. javanica was confined to low altitude range of 322-478 m. a. s. l. Meloidogyne graminicola was found to infest cereals like rice, wheat and maize in the subtropical climate. Meloidogyne arenaria was recorded for the first time from okra and tomato in the mid hill region of the state. Among the nursery treatments tried against M. incognita, all the disinfectants viz. dazomet, formalin, carbofuran barring STTC and seed treatment with formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens were found to be effective as evident from the healthy, ungalled roots and optimum aerial growth. Seedlings from dazomet treated nursery when root dipped in plant formulations prior to their transplantation in plots amended with neem or groundnut cake yielded best results in forms of plant growth parameters, fruit yield and reduction in nematode population and galling.
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Tomatoes,Genus Meloidogyne Goeldi,Management