Psychological Well-Being of Urban and Rural Adults: an Exploration of Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies

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Date
2018-08
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken in the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2017-18. A random sample of 360 adults (180 rural and 180 urban) from Dharwad and Gadag districts were selected. A sample of 180 adults comprised of 60 emerging, 60 young and 60 middle adults. Psychological Well-being Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and Socio-Economic Scale were used. The data were subjected to ‘t’ test, One way ANOVA, correlation and regression. The results revealed that about half of the urban adults had medium level of psychological well-being while half of rural adults had higher level of psychological well-being. Half of the urban adults employed average level of task-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping and avoidance-oriented coping strategies. Majority of rural adults employed above average emotion-oriented task-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping strategies. Majority of the urban and rural adults had medium level of perceived stress. Among urban adults, emerging adults had significantly better autonomy than young and middle adults. In rural area, young adults had significantly better overall psychological well-being than emerging and middle adults. There was significant difference between urban adult groups on perceived stress. Young adults had lower level of perceived stress than emerging and middle adults. In urban area, significant gender difference was found for task-oriented coping strategies while in rural area significant gender difference was found for task-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping strategies. Males scored higher than females on task-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping strategies in both urban and rural areas. Age, education, income, size of family, socio-economic status were significantly related to psychological well-being and coping strategies of adults while age and occupation were significantly related to perceived stress. Perceived stress, task-oriented coping and emotion-oriented coping strategies were significantly related to psychological well-being.
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