Management of Collar Rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
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Date
2020-12-09
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COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, UMMEDGANJ, KOTA
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the largest produced very important legume crop in
South Asia and the third largest produced legume crop globally. Collar rot of chickpea caused
by Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the most important fungal disease, prevalent in all chickpea
growing areas of India including Rajasthan. The symptoms of collar rot in chickpea include
initial yellowing of affected plant leaves and show signs of rotting at collar region. Disease
incidence of collar rot in chickpea was in the range of 6.69% - 19.82% in the chickpea growing
areas of nearby places of ARS, Ummedganj, Kota of Rajasthan. Maximum incidence was
recorded in field of Agriculture Research Station, Ummedganj & Mechanized Agriculture
Farm, Ummedganj (19.82%) and minimum Char-chouma 6.69%. The pathogen isolated from
infected plant sample and purified. In pathogenicity test, the fungi S. rolfsii was found to be
highly pathogenic as they reduced the germination and cause very high seedling mortality. The
physiological requirement of pathogen for maximum growth and numbers of sclerotia
production of S. rolfsii was observed on Oat meal agar medium (90.00 mm) and (691.00 per
plate). While, on 25 ℃ temperature (90.00 mm) & (538.50 per plate) and pH level 7.0 (89.00)
& (570.00 per plate) respectively. Four Trichoderma spp. were evaluated by dual culture
technique for their antagonistic effect against S. rolfsii under in-vitro conditions, T. viride
showed maximum growth inhibition 54.67% four days after incubation. Among eight botanical
extracts tested through poisoned food technique against pathogen under lab condition 96 hrs.
after of inoculation of pathogen neem seed kernel extracts recorded maximum mycelial growth
inhibition of 59.44 percent at 15% concentration respectively. The efficacy of ten chemical
fungicides were evaluated in-vitro at three concentrations viz., 100, 125 and 200 ppm
concentration against S. rolfsii, by poisoned food technique. Among these, carboxin 37.5% +
thiram 37.5% WS (vitavax) was completely inhibited mycelial growth of test fungus at all
concentrations tested. Ten genotypes/varieties viz., RKG-13-515, GNG-1958, RKG-18-1, JG-
14, RVG-201, GNG-1469, GNG-2144, JG-16, CSJ-515(c) and RKG-13-515 (1) were sown in
pots, out of the 10 entries screened with soil inoculated in cemented pots, no one varieties show
resistance against collar rot disease. Two most effective in-vitro evaluate Trichoderma spp.
used against collar rot disease of chickpea in pot experiment with soil inoculation of pathogen,
Maximum percent reduction in PESR (90.91%) and PESM (43.75%) were recorded in
Trichoderma viride applied through integration of soil application & seed treatment. Among
in-vitro evaluate three most effective botanical extracts was tested against collar rot disease of
chickpea in pot experiment with soil inoculation of pathogen. Maximum percent reduction in
PESR (63.64%) was recorded in neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) applied through seed
treatment. Maximum percent reduction in PESM (37.50%) was recorded in NSKE applied
through integration of seed treatment & post emergence seedling drenching at 7 days after
germination. Three chemical fungicides found most effective in In-vitro against collar rot
disease of chickpea pathogen was further evaluated in pot experiment with soil inoculation of
pathogen. Maximum percent reduction in PSER (100.00%) was recorded in vitavax power
applied through seed treatment. Maximum percent reduction in PESM (62.50%) was recorded
in hexaconazole applied through integration of seed treatment & post emergence seedling
drenching at 7 days after germination.
Description
Management of Collar Rot caused by Sclerotium
rolfsii (Sacc.) in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)