REPLACEMENT OF SYNTHETIC METHIONINE WITH METHIONINE PRODUCING MICROBES IN BROILER DIETS
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Date
2017-10
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Present study was carried out with an objective to investigate the growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphometry, carcass characteristics and physical properties of meat of broilers fed diets containing MPM (Methionine Producing Microbes). Basal pre-starter, starter and finisher broiler diets were formulated with conventional feed ingredients like maize, soya bean meal and de-oiled rice bran (DORB) as per the Nutrient Requirements of Poultry (ICAR, 2013). The CP (%) and ME (K.Cal/kg) contents of the basal pre starter, starter and finisher diets were 21.94, 3000; 21.48, 3049 and 19.47, 3099, respectively. The experimental diets in pre-starter phase were prepared, with the supplementation of synthetic Methionine @ 2000 g/ton of feed (C2), MPM @ 500g/ton of feed (T1),MPM @ 1000g/ton of feed (T2) andMPM @ 250g/ton of feed + Methionine @ 1000 g/ton of feed (T3). In starter phase the diets were prepared, with the supplementation of synthetic Methionine @ 1700 g/ton of feed (C2), MPM @ 500g/ton of feed (T1),MPM @ 1000g/ton of feed (T2) andMPM @ 250g/ton of feed + Methionine @ 850 g/ton of feed (T3). Similarly, in finisher phase the diets were prepared, with the supplementation of synthetic Methionine @ 1300 g/ton of feed (C2), MPM @ 500g/ton of feed (T1),MPM @ 1000g/ton of feed (T2) andMPM @ 250g/ton of feed + Methionine @ 650 g/ton of feed (T3), respectively. The basal diet C1 was used as negative control containing maize, SBM and DORB without addition of Methionine in all the phases of growth period. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric.
Three hundred and seventy five day old commercial broiler chicks were distributed randomly to five treatments with three replicates of twenty five birds each. The experiment was carried out from day old to 42 days of age. Weekly body weight gains and feed intake were recorded and feed efficiency was calculated accordingly. Metabolism trial was conducted to study the digestibility of nutrients during starter (0-28 days) and finisher (29-42 days) phases. At the end of 2, 4 and 6 weeks two birds from each replicate and thus a total of six birds per treatment were sacrificed to study the effect of MPM on serum biochemical and intestinal morphometry parameters. Carcass traits were studied at the end of the each phase of growth trial.
There was significant (P<0.01) difference in body weight gain among treatments during pre-starter, starter, finisher and for entire growth period. The values of overall body weight gain (g) found in the treatments C1, C2, T1, T2 and T3 were 1665.74, 2025.15, 1797.86, 1685.84 and 1901.52 g, respectively. Highest (P<0.01) body weight gain (2025.15 g) was recorded in birds supplemented with synthetic Methionine (C2). Whereas the lowest (P<0.01) body weight gain (1665.74 g) was observed in birds fed with diet C1 (negative control) for entire growth period. Feed intake (g) was found to be non significant by different during all the phases of growth period. The feed intake (g) values among the treatment groups were C1 (3433.01), C2 (3429.83), T1 (3425.45) T2 (3420.04) and T3 (3431.32), respectively for entire growth period. Feed conversion ratio for entire growth period ranged from 2.09 (C1) to 1.66 (C2) among the treatment groups. The feed efficiency was significantly (P<0.01) better in the birds fed with the diets containing C2 (1.66) as compared to other treatment groups.
The nutrient digestibility (%) of DM, EE and CF was found to be non-significant by different (P<0.01) among the treatment groups during starter and finisher phases. However, CP digestibility (%) was found to be significantly (P<0.01) higher in birds fed C2 (70.55 in starter phase and 70.04 in finisher phase) diet as compared to birds fed C1, T1, T2 and T3 diets.
In pre-starter, starter and finisher phases the levels of serum total protein (g/dl), serum albumin (g/dl), serum globulin (g/dl) and serum AST (IU/L) were found to be higher (P<0.01) in birds fed C2 diet as compared to birds fed C1, T1, T2 and T3 diets. Whereas serum cholesterol (mg/dl) levels were significantly (P<0.01) lower in T1 and T2, serum glucose (mg/dl) levels higher (P<0.01) in T1 and T2 and serum ALT (IU/L) levels were significantly (P<0.01) higher in C1 as compared to other treatment groups. The villi height, villi width, crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were found to be significantly (P<0.01) higher in birds fed C2 diet as compared to
birds fed C1, T1, T2 and T3 diets. Whereas, villi/crypt depth ratio of duodenum, jejunum and ileum was more (P<0.01) in C1 (8.80, 8.18 and 7.73) group and low in C2 (7.20, 6.85 and 5.66) treatment group. At the end of each phase (pre starter, starter and finisher) of the growth period the hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, weight expressed as percent of hot carcass for giblet, breast muscle, and legs were significantly (P<0.01) higher in birds fed C2 diet as compared to birds fed C1, T1, T2 and T3 diets. While the abdominal fat (%) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in C1 group as compared to other treatment groups during all the phases of study.
The proximate composition (%) of breast muscle during all the phases of the growth period showed significant (P<0.01) difference regarding CP and EE content (%). While DM and TA content (%) showed non significant difference among the treatment groups. The breast muscle contained significant (P<0.01) higher CP (%) in C2 and higher EE (%) in C1 group. Whereas in thigh muscle the DM, EE, CP and TA content (%) showed non significant difference among the treatment groups during all the phases of growth period.
The physical properties of the meat i.e., pH, cooking yield (%), water holding capacity (%) and free fatty acids (%) during all the phases of the growth period showed non significant (P<0.01) difference among the treatment groups. While 2-TBARS value of meat was found to be significantly (P<0.01) higher in C2 as compared to other treatment groups during all the phases of study. The results of present study indicated that, supplementation of synthetic Methionine (C2) was better for feeding during overall period (0-6 weeks of age) based on BWG, FCR, good economic returns, and carcass yield as compared to birds fed other diets. Whereas cholesterol content of the serum was reduced in the birds supplemented with MPM (500g and 1000g per ton feed) fed alone and it appears to be beneficial from the human health point of view.
The MPM used in the present study revealed that, as the dosage increased from 500g to 1000g per ton feed there was negative effect with regard to body weight gain and FCR. So, future work can be taken up to study the MPM supplementation at lower doses during pre starter, starter and finisher phases.
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