Weed flora diversity in maize based cropping and production systems

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dc.contributor.advisorRana, S.S.
dc.contributor.authorMujahed, Belal Ahmad
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-09T10:53:13Z
dc.date.available2022-03-09T10:53:13Z
dc.date.issued2021-07-31
dc.description.abstractThe study was carried out in a continuing experiment under the aegis of Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (Remunerative Approaches for Agriculture and Allied Sector Rejuvenation, RAFTAAR, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India) at CSK HPKV, Palampur. Three different cropping systems viz., maize – wheat, maize + cowpea – wheat + gram and okra + pole bean – cabbage + garden pea were evaluated under four production practices viz., integrated nutrient management (INM), organic management (OA), natural farming (NF), and conservation agriculture (CA) for appraisal on weeds floristic diversity and crop productivity, profitability and energetics. Weed flora was composed of 14 species in rabi and 15 species during kharif. Tulipa asiatica L. (18%), Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (8%), Ranunculus arvensis L. (8%), Poa annua L. (8%), Phalaris minor Retz. (7%), Coronopus didymus L. (7%), Anagallis arvensis L. (7%), Fumaria parviflora L. (7%), Lolium temulentum L. (6%) and Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray (6%) were the major weeds during rabi. Ageratum conyzoides L. (27%) was the most dominant weed during kharif followed by Cyperus sp (19%), Polygonum alatum L. (15%), Commelina benghalensis L. (8%), Echinochloa colona (L.) Link (7%), Alternanthera philoxeroides L. (4%), Artemisia vulgaris L. (4%), Bidens pilosa L. (4%) and Trifolium repens L. (4%). Irrespective of production and cropping systems, Tulipa asiatica was the most important weed during the rabi season with IVI value ranging from 33.8 to 57.3 under production systems and 40.8 to 42.6 under cropping systems. This was followed by Poa annua, Ranunculus arvensis and Stellaria media. During kharif, Ageratum conyzoides was the most important weed with IVI value of 40.9-69.8 in production systems and 60.7-69.2 in cropping systems. This was followed by Cyperus sp and Polygonum alatum. Simpson’s index of diversity and Simpson’s reciprocal index indicated higher weed diversity under INM and OA treatments followed by NF (P1) treatment, while, the lower diversity as per these indices was under CA (P4). Maize + cowpea – wheat + gram (C2), maize – wheat (C1) and okra + pole bean – cabbage + garden pea (C3) treatments had the similar Simpson’s index of diversity and Simpson’s reciprocal index. Weeds removed 68.2-83.2 kg N, 10.8-21.0 kg P and 59.6-95.1 kg K/ha under production systems with the minimum being under INM and the maximum under NF while 72.9-78.6 kg N, 13.8-15.5 kg P and 69.7- 78.9 kg K/ha were removed under cropping systems minimum under maize + cowpea – wheat + gram (C2) and maximum under okra + pole bean – cabbage + garden pea (C3). Among production systems, INM or CA were more promising in terms of wheat grain equivalent yield (WGEY), net returns, energy output, energy intensity, energy productivity and energy profitability followed by OA and NF treatments in that order. Okra + pole bean – cabbage + garden pea (C3) gave significantly higher WGEY, energy productivity and energy profitability. But it had higher cost of cultivation and low yield in kharif thereby lower net returns, B:C, energy output, energy output: input and energy intensity both in terms of MJ/kg and MJ/rupee.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810183230
dc.keywordsagriculture,treatment, cropping,production.en_US
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.pages152en_US
dc.publisherPalampuren_US
dc.subAgronomyen_US
dc.themeTo study the influence of cropping and production system(s) on weeds floristic diversity, and to study nutrient depletion by weeds in different cropping and production systems.en_US
dc.these.typeM.Scen_US
dc.titleWeed flora diversity in maize based cropping and production systemsen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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