Effect of sulphur and nitrogen supply on their metabolism and protein quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
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Date
2014
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PAU
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (urea @ 31.25 kg ha-1) and sulphur (gypsum @ 20 kg ha-1) either alone or in combination on nodulation, nitrogen and sulphur assimilation in roots, nodules, leaves and developing seeds and protein quality in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Treatment of nitrogen or sulphur significantly increased nodulation, leghaemoglobin content and vegetative growth in soybean. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in cytosol and bacteroid fractions of nodules increased significantly in all the treatments from 70 to 90 days after sowing. Fertilizer treatments resulted in higher activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase, ATP sulphurylase, serine acetyl transferase, O-acetyl serine (thiol) lyase and increased nitrate content in leaves and developing seeds as compared to control. Sulphur alone or in combination with nitrogen maximally increased free amino acids, sulphur-containing amino acids and decreased N:S ratio in leaves and developing seeds. The contents of albumin and globulin fractions in developing and mature seeds increased under the effect of nitrogen and sulphur alone or in combination as compared to control. Gypsum alone or combined with nitrogen increased glycinin fraction of globulin whereas decreased β-conglycinin content thus improving 11S:7S ratio. Total seed yield, nutrient uptake, total soluble protein, free amino acid, methionine, cysteine, glutathione, palmitic and linoleic acid contents in seeds increased significantly under treatments of sulphur and nitrogen. Results suggest that gypsum @ 20 kg ha-1 alongwith recommended dose of urea @ 31.25 kg ha-1 can be used as optimum recommended source for improving soybean quality under local agroclimatic conditions of Punjab.
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Keywords
proteins, amino acids, soybeans, sowing, sulphur, nitrogen, enzymes, planting, acidity, inorganic acid salts