NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN LINSEED THROUGH NANO-UREA
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Date
2023
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the most nutritious oilseeds due to its potential to produce high-quality fibre and vegetable oil. It is indigenous to the Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia and is a member of the linaceae family. Linseed is grown commercially for flax and oilseed purpose (Pandao et al., 2021). The world production of Linseed in 2021 was approximately 3.34 million metric tons (FAO,2021). India produces 1.4 million metric tons (Government of India, Annual Report 2016-17) whereas Jharkhand produces 0.019 million metric tons with productivity of 0.694 ton/ha (Directorate of Economics & Statistics,2020-21). Utilizing nanoscale or nanostructured materials as fertiliser carriers or controlled release vectors for the construction of so-called "smart fertiliser" as new facilities to improve nutrient use efficiency and lower costs of environmental protection has been made feasible by nanotechnology (Veronica et al., 2015). It played a significant impact in agriculture, including germination rates, growth, improving the availability of nutrients, chlorophyll generation and dry matter production. They can quickly penetrate the soil and plant roots, which enhances plant growth. (Dhoke et al., 2013).
A field study entitled “Nitrogen management in Linseed through nano-urea” was conducted at Western Section of Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi during Rabi season 2021-2022 with an objective to study the effect of nitrogen level and nano-urea on growth, yield attributes, yield, NPK uptake and economics of linseed. A field experiment was conducted in split plot design with 4 main plots treatments, viz. 100%N (30 kg N/ha), 75% N (22.5 kg N/ha), 50%N (15 kg N/ha) and 25% N (7.5 kg N/ha) and 5 sub plots treatments, viz. Water spray (no N application), one spray of Nano-urea @ 3ml /litre of water at flower initiation stage, two sprays of Nano-urea @ 3ml /litre of water each at flower initiation stage and capsule development stage, one spray of 2% urea at flower initiation stage and two sprays of 2% urea at flower initiation and capsule development stage. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was 30:20:20 N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha and priyam variety was taken for the experiment.
Results illustrated that growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, uptake, and economics of Linseed were significantly influenced by different Nitrogen levels and Nitrogen Management through Nano-Urea. In Linseed 100% N (30 kg N/ha) application recorded maximum dry matter accumulation (3.67 g/plant) at maturity, yield attributes namely; primary branch per plant (4.99), secondary branch per plant (18.66), capsules/plant (29.69), seeds/capsule (7.04),1000 grain weight (7.69 g), seed yield (1442.21 kg/ha) and straw yield (2652.06 kg/ha) which were at par with 75% N (22.5 kg N/ha) but significantly higher than rest of the treatments. Quality attributes namely; oil content (38.23%) and Oil yield (577.54 kg/ha) showed maximum value with full dose of N application. The total Nitrogen (103.97 kg/ha) uptake was significantly higher with 100% N application. The available Nitrogen, Phosphorous and potassium (Kg/ha) after harvest did not show significant difference due to different treatments. Application of full dose of Nitrogen showed maximum net returns (₹41905/ha) and B:C ratio (1.71) which was comparable with 75% N (22.5 kg N/ha) but significantly higher than other treatments.
Among various foliar spray applications two sprays of Nano-urea @ 3ml /litre of water each at flower initiation stage and capsule development stage recorded maximum dry matter accumulation (3.55 g/plant) at maturity, yield attributes namely; primary branch (5.07), secondary branch per plant (19.51), capsules/plant (28.57), seeds/capsule (7.10),1000 grain weight (7.35 g),seed yield (1364.86 Kg/ha) and straw yield (2507.44 Kg/ha),oil content(37.40%) and Oil yield (556.13 Kg/ha), total Nitrogen (99.74 kg/ha), Phosphorous (26.14 Kg/ha) and potassium (43.11 Kg/ha) uptake. Application of two sprays of Nano-urea @ 3ml /litre of water each at flower initiation stage and capsule development stage recorded maximum net returns (₹37666/ha) and B:C ratio (1.49) which was at par with one nano urea spray @ 3ml/litre of water at flower initiation stage in respect of net returns (₹34078/ha) and B:C ratio (1.39). Based on one year of experimentation, it may be concluded that 75% N (22.5 kg/ha) and one spray of nano-urea @3ml/litre of water at flower initiation stage was found most productive and economical option for Linseed production in Jharkhand.