Use of Modern Household Equipment Among The Working And Non-Working Women In Samastipur District of Bihar-A Comparative Study.
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Date
2018
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur
Abstract
Household equipments are the important equipments which are used in our day to day household activities like cooking, cleaning, exercising, purifying, food preservation etc. Now a day life has become busier as compared to earlier days. Both male and female are engaged in earning to meet their daily needs. That is why they need modern, fast and easy equipment which can save their time and energy. The study was conducted in Samastipur district of Bihar. Samastipur was selected purposively, as this type of study on women’s was not undertaken in this area. A sample of 60 women ‘s (Working and non working ) were selected randomly, to study the socio-economic profile of the women , extent of use, source of availability and time saving, problem faced in buying and using equipments by the respondents. The independent variables included personal, demographic and socio-economic factors, whereas extent of use and source of availability were taken as dependent variables. Data were collected with the help of well structured schedule by interviewing the respondents. Appropriate statistical were tests like frequencies,percentages, coefficient of correlation, regression coefficients were computed. Background profile of the respondents showed that majority of the working women (60%) were under middle age group whereas
nonworking women (43.3%) came under old age group. Working respondents (73.3%)
were Graduate & above, whereas, nonworking women’s (43.3%) had education up to intermediate level. All the respondents were married.In case of working women
majority (63.3%) were engaged in government job and 36.7 % were doing private job. All the respondents were of general caste and the type of family was observed nuclear family for working women and nonworking womenbelonged to joint family, In case of family size maximum number of working respondents belonged to small family size whereas, non working having medium size of family. In case of annual family income, working respondents (43.3%) were found in income group of Rs 1, 00001 -3, 00000,whereas, nonworking respondents (53.3%) were having per annum income up to one lakh.
Most of the working women (90%) and non working (66.7%) were observed that they did not have any social participation. only a meager number i.e. one working women was found a member of self help group and only seven non working respondents were member of same organization. Majority (80%) non working and 66.7 percent working women were found to use TV/radio as source of information.
The study revealed that an important household item which was used by all the working respondents (100%) and about 93.3%bynon working respondents wasmixer followed by electric iron about (60%) working respondents washing machine. 33.3 percent non working women were found using washing machine. It was assessed that all of the respondents were using TV, inverter, gas stove and pressure cooker. In case of using peeler (93.3%) working respondents were found using this household item whereas in case of non working women it was observed 73.3%. With respect to use of grater by respondent it was assessed that working women were 86.7% and non working women 70%, respectively.
About extent of use of household equipments majority of the (76.7%) working respondents werefoundalwaysusing mixer and non working women were assessed about 63.3% whereas, electric blender was found minimum in use by both of the respondents.
Correlation analysis was applied to assess the relation between extent of use of household equipments and the socio-demographic conditions of the respondents. The result revealed that education and family income were found negative and significant correlationwith extent of use of modern equipments further, it was noticed that household equipments had positive and significant relation with extent of use of modern equipments in case of working women. The same trend was observed in case of non-working women.
The correlation coefficient between dependent variables source of availability modern household equipments of working and non working women with selected independent variables revealed that social participation had negative and significant correlationwhile in case ofnon working women family type was found to be negatively significant at 5%probability level, and family size of respondent was alsoassessed to be negatively significant 1% probability level whereas, source of information utilized was found to be highly significant at 1% probability level.
In the study it was also noticed that both types of respondent faced financial problems for buying and using modern household equipments. The other problems were duplicate equipment available in the market. In using electrical appliances erratic electric supply was identified as major problems and lack of space in their houses.The study revealed that use of modern household equipments of day to day workload of homemaker has been found important these days because there is an increased demand on the available resource of women who perform dual role at work at home. These equipments play an important role in improving the physical quality of life by making time consuming and difficult household chores easier. For a homemaker the modern household equipments are those devices which are time and energy saving and help in improving the quality of life. By considering these factors along with the findings and application of work study, a homemaker can be complete more work in less time with minimum efforts.