Phytotoxic efficacy and phenolic acid profiles of certain wheat and rice varieties on six weed species of Terai region, Uttarakhand
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Date
2013-01
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Weeds are persistent problem for farmers due to economic losses in terms of crop yield, production costs and crop quality, which reached up to 31-61% in wheat and 36-75% in rice. It can be controlled effectively by the application of herbicides but they pose serious health and environmental threats. Allelopathy is a novel approach for minimizing the herbicide usage and to develop sustainable agriculture and also ecofreindly.
The present investigation was designed to evaluate the phytotoxic potential of 15 varieties - DBW 14, JOB 668, K 9006, KAUZ/STAR, MACS 6272, PBW 550, PBW 588, RAJ 4014, RAJ 4026, RAJ 4048, RAJ 4077, UP 2382, UP 2526, UP 2565 and WH 1003 of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 10 varieties - Basmati 370, Govind, Pant 11, Pant 16, Pant Sugandh 17, Pusa Sugandh 4, Pusa RH 10, Super Basmati, Tarori Basmati
and VL Dhan 85 of rice (Oryza sativa L.) against six weed species - Avena ludoviciana Durieu., Celosia argentea L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Ischaemum rugosum Salisb., Melilotus indica L. and Phalaris minor Retz. (collected from Crop Research Centre, C.R.C.) under laboratory and green house pot experiments. The laboratory results revealed that the varieties MACS 6272, PBW 550, RAJ 4014 and RAJ 4077 of wheat and Basmati 370, Govind, PD 11 and VL Dhan 85 of rice were most inhibitory on germination, seedling growth (both length and dry weight) in different weed species. In pot experiments, both MACS 6272 and PBW 550 on E. crusgalli whereas only MACS 6272 on P. minor; and Govind on M. indica and VL Dhan 85
on both M. indica and P. minor were more suppressive in different morphological (germination, height and dry weight), physiological (chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid) and biochemical (proline, total protein, MDA and SOD) parameters. The reduction in different parameters in the present investigation is due to the presence of
allelochemicals/secondary metabolites, chiefly phenolics. In the present study, 10 different phenolic acids were detected, identified and quantified in 15 wheat and 10 rice varieties by HPLC. The maximum phenolics (six) was identified in MACS 6272 followed by PBW 550, RAJ 4014 and RAJ 4077 (five, each) and minimum in both RAJ 4048 and WH 1003 (two each); and in rice, Govind and VL Dhan 85 (seven, each) followed by Basmati 370 (six) and lowest in both PD 16 and TB (three, each).
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Thesis-PhD
Keywords
weed control, economic losses, crop yield, crop quality, wheat, rice, herbicides, environmental protection, soil health, allelopathy, phytotoxicity, phenolic compounds