Studies on post harvest diseases of mango: etiology and biological control
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Date
2007-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
India is the largest producer of mangoes and accounts for more than half of the world's production but it ranks third in mango export. Constraints like suitability of few varieties, short storage life, post-harvest pests and diseases etc. restrict the expansion of exports from India. Management of post harvest diseases has been mainly achieved by use of chemicals but due to public's growing health concern and limitation of use of chemicals for export purposes, we have been forced to look for alternative and safe measures for their control. The present work tries to identify the common post harvest diseases, their incidence, severity, varietal susceptibility, management with bioagents, in vitro antagonism studies and effect of bioagents on TSS and TA of fruits. Stem end rot, anthracnose, Rhizopus rot and black mold rot were the four commonly observed diseases. Gulab Khas, Alphonso and Bombay Yellow showed more susceptibility to post harvest while Dushehri, Lucknow Scrfeda and Malihabadi Safeda were relatively less susceptible. Significant in vitro inhibition of Rhizopus species was achieved by Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Yet successful management of these diseases with post harvest fruit dips in bioagent suspensions could not be achieved when fruits were stored at ambient conditions. Langra fruits subjected to high R.H (95%, 30°C) for 12h just after dipping in suspension of biocontrol agents and then stored between 30-35°C, experienced significant reduction in post harvest rotting. In the same treatment significant difference in TSS values was recorded, maximum for P. fluorescens PBAP-28 and minimum for T harzianum PBAT-43. Thus it can be concluded that efficacy of bioagents can be increased under controlled conditions and probably their pre harvest spray will be more effective in managing post harvest diseases as compared to post harvest dips as it can allow their early colonization. In case of post-harvest dip in suspension of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas, storing of the treated fruits for 12 hours at high moisture might help biocontrol agents to multiply and colonize the fruit surface. This will enhance the efficacy of bioagents against post harvest rotting of mangoes. U.
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