Evaluation of wound healing properties of Zanthoxylum Oxyphyllum: an indigenous medicinal plant
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Date
2022-03
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College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing and analgesic properties of hydro-ethanolic and chloroform extract of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum in rats and mice. The selected plant was also studied for phytochemical constituents, anti-oxidant properties, and acute oral and dermal toxicity of both the extracts. The dried pulverized fine powder of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum were extracted using a standard technique where hydro-ethanolic and chloroform extract yield were found to be 14% and 6% respectively. The extracts were found to be positive for Alkaloids, Steroids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Carbohydrates, Diterpenes, Triterpenes and negative for Glycosides, Tannins and Saponins. The extracts did not show any acute oral or dermal toxicity even at the highest oral dose level, i.e., 5000 mg/kg body weight of all the groups. Both the hydro ethanolic and chloroform extract of the selected plants were positive for antioxidant properties, Viz, DPPH and Nitric oxide scavenging activity. The analgesic activity of both the extracts viz hydroethanolic and chloroform extract were evaluated by using Eddy’s hot plate analgesiometer and acetic acid induced writhing test where animals were divided in eight groups with each group having six animals. Group I served as normal control with no treatment and Group II as standard control received oral meloxicam suspension @ 5mg/kg. Other six groups were test groups where hydroethanolic and chloroform extract of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum were administered in 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg concentrations. In case of Eddy’s hot plate method, both the extracts showed significant increase in latency period after administration of 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg orally to the mouse. The writhing responses were also markedly reduced after administration of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg hydroethanolic and chloroform extract of Z. oxyphyllum as compared to the control.
Both excision and incision wound models were created in rats using xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia and wound contraction percentage and breaking strength of the wound were measured respectively. The test ointments were prepared in 1%, 3% and 10% w/w concentrations for both hydroethanolic and chloroform extract using Vaseline. Rats were randomly divided in groups of nine of six animals in each group for both the wound models. Group I, Group II and group III served as normal (untreated), vehicle (petroleum jelly) and standard (povidone iodine) control groups. Other six groups were treated topically with test ointments of hydro-ethanolic and chloroform extract of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum. In case of incision wound model, the wound breaking strengths were markedly increased after application of both the extracts when compared to the normal and vehicle control groups. The differences were not statistically significant at 1% level of the standard control, 1%, 3%, and 10% w/w extract groups of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum. Maximum breaking strength was observed in higher concentrations, i.e., 10% w/w extract of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum. In case of excision wound model, the wound contraction percentage elevated significantly in standard and extract treated groups as compared to the normal and vehicle control groups. The higher (10%) concentration of extract showed higher wound contraction (%) as compared to the other two extract groups