Epidemiology, molecular identification and resistance profile of gastrointestinal nematodes among equines of Haryana
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Date
2023-09
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LUVAS Hisar
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal
parasites (GIP), their molecular identification and anthelmintic resistance in equines of
Haryana. A total of 1500 faecal samples i.e. horses (967), donkeys (178) and mules (355)
from three agro-climatic zones of Haryana were screened. The prevalence of GIP in horses,
donkeys and mules were 56.05%, 57.87% and 59.15%, respectively; in semi-arid, sub-humid
and arid zone were 63.60%, 57.00% and 50.40%, respectively; in monsoon, summer, winter
and spring season were 91.47%, 68.00%, 40.27% and 28.27%, respectively; in young, adult
and old were 62.62%, 47.43% and 45.83%, respectively; in male and female were 64.14%
and 53.95%, respectively; in faecal consistency having diarrhoea and non-diarrhoea were
70.83% and 54.05%, respectively; in poor and good body condition score were 62.68% and
55.72%, respectively; in roughage, mix ration (roughage+concentrate) and concentrate
feeding history were 69.72%, 60.80% and 54.37%, respectively; in non-dewormed and
dewormed animals were 72.36% and 53.55%, respectively; in kachha and pakka floor were
70.46% and 53.90%, respectively and in grazing, mixed (grazing+stall) and stall feeding were
77.30%, 54.73% and 52.67%, respectively. The prevalence of eggs of strongyle, amphistomes
Parascaris equorum, Strongyloides westeri, Oxyuris equi, Eimeria leuckarti,
Habronema/Draschia spp., Anoplocephala and Fasciola were 28.33%, 12.27%, 5.60%,
2.47%, 2.00%, 1.53%, 1.00%, 0.93% and 0.87%, repectively.The coproculture examination
revealed larvae of cythostomes, S. vulgaris, S. edentatus S. equinus and Strongyloides westeri
in all the species of equines. The molecular identification of GIP using PCR revealed a
specific product size of approximately 310 bp and 410 bp for large and small strongyles,
respectively. The anthelmintic resistance using FECRT revealed resistance to fenbendazole
and pyrantal pamoate and susceptibility to ivermectin. The EHA shows resistance in arid and
semi-arid zone and susceptible in sub-humid zone to benzimidazole. The AS-PCR revealed
40.00% (SS) homozygous susceptible, 28.33% (rr) homozygous resistant and 31.66% (rS)
heterozygous susceptible with 56% (r) resistant allele and 44% (S) susceptible allele in
equines.