A study on entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farm women in Nainital district of Uttarakhand
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Date
2019-06
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
In India, dairy farming has been practicing for generating employment and steady income. Dairy farming is considered as an entrepreneurial venture predominantly for women because most of the women are involved in dairy activities starting from caring of animals to marketing the milk products. In Uttarakhand, about 90 per cent of dairy farmers operates dairy on small and medium scale. Thus, entrepreneurial development in the field of dairy sector might be the best possible way to make women competent and self-
reliant. Dairy farming is an income generating sector by which rural women can socially empowered and their self-actualization and psychological needs can be fulfilled. Rural women plays a significant role in livestock production. On an average, they work nearly 15 hours in a day. Along with their household chores, they work on the field and take care of their livestock as well. Being effective manager of resources, they have potential to become a successful entrepreneurs. Thus, the need to explore the entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farm women was realized. The present study was undertaken to find out the socio-personal, economic and psychological characteristics of dairy farm women, to study their entrepreneurial behaviour, to find out relationship between socio-personal, economic and psychological characteristics and their entrepreneurial behaviour and constraints faced by them in managing the dairy as an enterprise. The study was carried out in Nainital district of Uttarakhand state. Haldwani block was selected purposively and five villages i.e. Bhawanipur, Khera, Bameta Banger, Hathikhal and Phatta Banger were selected purposively from the Haldwani block because it has maximum number of dairy entrepreneurs. A total sample of 120 respondents were selected through Proportional Allocation method. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for the data collection. Statistical techniques such as frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents (72.5%) belonged to middle age category, had education upto high school (30.83%), had medium family size (69.17%), with medium dairy experience (59.16%) and all of them were married. Results further revealed that majority of the respondents (52.50%) had medium herd size and milk production, 72.50 per cent had medium level of monthly income from dairy farming, 37.5 per cent had small land holding i.e. one to two hectares, three fourth of the total respondents had medium economic motivation and 77.5% had medium scientific orientation. Regarding the entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farm women, majority of the respondents (62.5%) had medium level of entrepreneurial behaviour with medium innovativeness (46.67%), achievement motivation (57.5%), decision making ability (70%), risk orientation (50%), coordinating ability (67.5%), planning ability (59.17%). Further, it was found that respondents had medium information seeking behaviour (73.33%), cosmopoliteness (82.5%) and self-confidence (56.67%). Family size, herd size, milk production, monthly income from dairy farming, land holding, economic motivation and scientific orientation were found to have positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour at 1% level of significance, whereas education and dairy experience were positively and significantly related to entrepreneurial behaviour at 5% level of significance. On the other hand, age had positive and non-significant relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farm women. The major constraints faced by dairy farm women were lack of improved equipments, low price of milk offered, high cost of cross breed cows, lack of training facilities, lack of technical guidance and inadequate information about government schemes related to dairy sector. The results showed that majority of the respondents had medium to high level of entrepreneurial behaviour. Thus, KVKs’ and extension agents should put more emphasis on designing entrepreneurship development programmes. The findings of the study will be helpful to the extension administrators and veterinary experts to plan and execute training programmes to overcome these constraints.
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