STUDY ON ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION OF SWEET BASIL (Ocimum basilicum)
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Date
2013
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Publisher
PAU
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to find the kinetics of sweet basil oil
extraction using steam and hydro distillation techniques, to access the quality of
extracted oil and to optimize the process parameters for oil extraction. Sweet basil
was procured from farms of Fieldfresh Foods Pvt. Ltd., VPO Ladhowal, Distt
Ludhiana. The oil was extracted from fresh sweet basil leaves, shade dried sweet
basil leaves and sun dried sweet basil leaves with moisture content 85.29%, 17.33%
and 12.75% respectively. For extraction of oil from sweet Basil leaves at different
moisture contents hydro distillation and steam distillation methods took 3-6 and 0.75-
1 hrs respectively. In case of hydro distillation method there is no oil recovery for
each sample during first one hour and it started during second hour whereas in case of
steam distillation method oil recovery started within 15 minutes. Maximum yield of
0.27% at 17.33% moisture content and minimum oil yield of 0.23% at 12.75%
moisture content was observed in hydro distillation whereas in steam distillation
method maximum yield of 0.62% at 85.29% moisture content and minimum yield of
0.16% at 12.75% moisture content was observed. The oil obtained from distillation
methods was light yellowish to pale yellowish in color with very little greenish ting.
Saponification value, acid value, specific gravity and refractive index were found to
be 8.00, 1.90, 0.92 and 1.460 respectively. Sweet basil oil recovered was found to be
insoluble in water. Steam distillation method was found to be the best method for oil
extraction with maximum oil recovery and minimum time of extraction.
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