PERFORMANCE OF NEW BANANA (Musa spp.) CULTIVARS
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Date
2021
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Abstract
The study on ‘Performance of new banana (Musa spp.) cultivars’ was conducted in the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture in Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during 2019-2020. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five (5) treatments and four (4) replications. The treatments taken under the study comprised of five banana cultivars namely ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’, ‘Manjeri Nendran-II’, ‘Nendran’, ‘NRCB Selection-10’ and ‘Simalu Manohar’.
Experimental results revealed that the morphological characters showed significant differences among the cultivars. In regards to pseudostem height at shooting stage, highest height was recorded in ‘Simalu Manohar’ (312.70 cm) while the lowest was recorded in ‘NRCB Selection-10’ (203.91 cm). The highest pseudostem girth at shooting stage was recorded in ‘Simalu Manohar’ (77.58 cm). In respect to phyllochron, the longest days for successive leaf emergence was recorded in ‘Simalu Manohar’ (11.41 days) and the shortest was recorded in ‘Manjeri Nendran- II’ (8.60 days). The highest leaf area (1.17 m2) was recorded in ‘Simalu Manohar’ whereas the lowest in ‘Nendran’ (1.05 m2). ‘NRCB Selection-10’ recorded the highest number of leaves per plant at shooting (12.70) and the highest number of functional leaves at shooting (10.47). However ‘Simalu Manohar’ recorded the highest number of total leaves (24.53) and ‘Manjeri Nendran-II’ recorded the lowest (21.08). For shooting the shortest time was taken by ‘Manjeri Nendran- II’ (263.41 days) while ‘Simalu Manohar’ took the longest time (314.37 days). The shortest shooting-harvesting duration was recorded in ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ (59.75 days) while the longest was recorded in ‘Simalu Manohar’ (150.18 days). The shortest crop duration (350.35 days) was recorded in ‘Manjeri Nendran-II’ while the longest was recorded in ‘Simalu Manohar’ (464.56 days).
Significant variation was noted among the varieties with respect to yield and yield attributing characters. The highest bunch weight was recorded in ‘NRCB Selection-10’ (12.73 kg) followed by ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ (12.39 kg) while the lowest was recorded in ‘Nendran’ (7.03 kg). The highest fruit yield was found in ‘NRCB Selection-10’ (39.31 t/ha) followed by ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ (38.25 t/ha) while the lowest fruit yield was recorded in ‘Nendran’ (21.70 t/ha). The highest number of hands per bunch (8.09) and fingers per hand (13.62) was recorded in ‘NRCB Selection-10’. ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ recorded the highest weight of second hand (2.29 kg) and finger weight (324.70 g). ‘Manjeri Nendran-II’ recorded the longest fingers (21.78 cm) and the lowest
(12.85 cm) by ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’. In regards to finger girth and finger diameter the highest value of 20.67 cm and 6.91 cm was recorded in ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’. ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ recorded the highest pulp weight (289.42 g) and pulp-peel ratio (8.22) whereas the highest peel weight was recorded by ‘Simalu Manohar’ (106.22 g).
In regards to post harvest study and biochemical constituents significant variation was seen among the varieties. ‘Nendran’ recorded the highest value of TSS (28.92 0B) followed by ‘NRCB Selection-10’ (28.67 0B) while the lowest was recorded by ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ (19.00 0B). The highest titrable acidity (0.49 %) and shelf life (6.50 days) was recorded by ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ whereas the lowest titrable acidity (0.26 %) was recorded by ‘Nendran’ and the lowest shelf life (4.12 days) by ‘NRCB Selection-10’. The highest reducing sugar (16.07 %) and total sugar (19.22 %) was recorded in ‘Manjeri Nendran-II’. ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ recorded the highest value (4.81 %) of non-reducing sugar. The highest value of crude fibre content (2.28 %) was recorded in ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ and the lowest in ‘Nendran’ (1.09 %). Ascorbic acid was recorded highest in ‘Nendran’ (5.15 mg/100g FW) and the lowest in ‘Simalu Manohar’ (3.12 mg/100 g FW).
Evaluation of comparative economics of cultivation revealed that the highest benefit cost ratio of 2.03 was obtained in ‘NRCB Selection-10’ followed by ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ (1.94) and the lowest benefit cost ratio of 0.67 was recorded in ‘Nendran’. Hence, among all the cultivars ‘NRCB Selection-10’ and ‘BRS Selection Popoulu’ were found to be the most profitable and suitable cultivars for cultivation.