STUDIES ON IMPACT OF VEHICULAR EMISSIONS ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF CERTAIN TREE SPECIES OF SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
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Date
2015
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ABSTRACT
The present investigations on “Studies on Impact of Vehicular Emissions on Germination and Seedling Growth of Certain Tree Species of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2014-2015 in the Department of Environmental Science, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. Four sites viz. S1 (NH-22 i.e. highly polluted), S2 (Solan-Arki i.e. moderately polluted), S3 (Solan-Nauni i.e. less polluted) and S4 (Control i.e. un polluted) and four tree species viz. Acacia catechu, Leucaena leucocephala, Grewia optiva and Celtis australis at each site were selected for the study. Maximum seed length (mm) in A.catechu, L. leucocephala, G. optiva and C. australis was 6.0, 6.90, 7.16 and 8.03 respectively at S4 and maximum seed width ( mm) in A.catechu was 5.75, L. leucocephala (6.41), Grewia optiva (6.41) and C. australis (7.75) at S4. Maximum 100-Seed weight (g) of A.catechu, L. leucocephala, G. optiva and C. australis was 4.95, 6.57, 11.76 and 12.09, and respectively at S4 and minimum was 4.13, 5.55 at S1 and 10.55 and 9.25 at S2 ,respectively. Maximum seed germination of A.catechu, L. leucocephala, G. optiva and C. australis was 89.80%, 87.40 %, 61.46% and 41.50 % respectively at S4 (Control site) and minimum was 72%, 77.12%, 49.60 % and 20.33 % at S1 respectively. Maximum germination energy of A.catechu, L. leucocephala, G. optiva and C. australis was 79.30%, 57.70 %, 32.20 % and 22.20 % ,respectively at S4 and minimum of A.catechu was 50% at S1, L. leucocephala (45.30)% at S2, G. optiva (27.73) % at S1 and C. australis (14.40)% at S2. Maximum germination speed of A.catechu, L. leucocephala, G. optiva and C. australis was 11.0, 4.89, 1.34 and 0.69 respectively at S4 and minimum of A.catechu was 4.43, L. leucocephala (3.08) at S1 and G. optiva (1.02) and C. australis (0.34) at S2 , respectively. Maximum germination value of A.catechu, L. leucocephala, G. optiva and C. australis was 159.40, 79.20, 7.89 and 1.54, respectively and minimum germination value of A.catechu, L. leucocephala and G. optiva was 42.93, 39.87 and 5.44 , respectively at S1 and of C. australis was 0.51 at S2. Maximum root shoot ratio of A.catechu, L. leucocephala, G. optiva and C. australis was 0.43, 0.81, 0.56 and 0.63 , respectively at S4. Maximum seed vigour index-I of A.catechu, L. leucocephala, G. optiva and C. australis was 609.94, 1440.77, 719.30 and 591.90 respectively at S4 and maximum seed vigour index- II of A.catechu, L. leucocephala, G. optiva and C. australis was 4970.40, 5744.80, 3359.40 and 6722.40,respectively at S4. Minimum content (mg/kg) of As, Cd, Ni and Pb in A.catechu was 0.05, 0.00, 0.05, 0.22 at S4 while Cr was 0.70 at S2. In case of L. leucocephala minimum content (mg/kg) of Ni was 0.03, Pb (0.45) at S4 and As and Cd was non-significant while Cr was minimum (0.58) at S3. The content (mg/kg) of As in G. optiva was 0.00, Ni (0.04) at S4 and Pb (0.91) at S3 while Cd and Cr in G. optiva was non-significant. In C. australis, minimum content of As was 0.02, Cd (0.02) and Pb (0.83) at S4. The value of Cr was 0.70 mg/kg in C. australis at S1. The lowest seed damage in A.catechu by B.flavovirens at harvest was 3.32 per cent and after two month (11.67%) at S4 and similarly in L. leucocephala seed damage by Acanthoscelides sp. at harvest was 5.57 per cent and after two months (13.3%) at S4. The maximum seed damage at harvest and after two months of storage in A. catechu by B.flavovirens was 11.83% and 28 % respectively at S1 and in L.leucocephala by Acanthoscelides sp. was 12.07 per cent S1 and 16.67 per cent at S1. Thus, on over all basis, the tree species wise performance in decreasing order were L. leucocephala > A . catechu > C. australis > G. optiva.