Glyphosate induced alterations in Cyprinus carpio (Linn.)
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Date
2016
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of glyphosate (herbicide) to a
commercially important fish, Cyprinus carpio (Linn.).Glyphosate is formulated as N-
phosphonyl glycine in Roundup® which is a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide used for
inhibition of unwanted weeds and grasses in agricultural, industrial, urban, forestry and
aquatic landscapes. The 96 hour median lethal concentration (LC50) and effective
concentration (EC50) values of glyphosate (Roundup® 41% SL) for fish fingerlings (mean wt.
3g ±0.5 and mean length 5.5cm ±0.35) were calculated. The fingerlings were exposed to two
sublethal concentrations of glyphosate i.e. 25% of LC50 (T1) and 50% of LC50 (T2) for a
period of 28 days. Biochemical parameters like proteins, lipids, AST (aspartate amino
transferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) in liver while proteins and lipids in muscle
were estimated at weekly intervals. Histopathology of liver was also studied. The 96 hour
LC50 and EC50 values were found to be 3.260 ppm and 0.509 ppm, respectively. The fish
showed abnormal behaviour viz. air gulping, erratic swimming, rolling movement,
restlessness, lack of balance and sudden fast movement. Proteins and lipids showed a
significant (p>0.05) decline in both liver and muscle with increasing concentration and
duration of exposure. However, the enzymatic activities of hepatic AST and ALT revealed a
significant (p>0.05) increase with increasing concentration and period of exposure.
Vacuolation of hepatocytes, fatty degeneration, pyknotic nuclei, degeneration of cytoplasm,
infiltration of leukocytes, necrosis and severe vasodilation was noticed in the liver of exposed
fish as compared to the control.
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