ECONOMICS OF COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKEN PRODUCTION IN MALAPPURAM DISTRICT OF KERALA
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Date
2018
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR
Abstract
The study was conducted among the broiler chicken farmers engaged in
non-contract and contract broiler farming. The locale of study was Malappuram
district based on its comparative higher production of the broiler chicken than any
other district in Kerala and the samples were selected randomly from the Tanur
and Perinthalmanna block panchayaths. Thirty farming units each from those
engaged in contract and non-contract farming systems were selected randomly
from the two blocks (15 each). The data has been collected through personal
interview method using a structured pretested interview schedule.
Most of the respondents from both farming systems were Upper middle
(forty to fifty years) and old aged (above fifty years)with more than ninety three
per cent males. More than half of them in both categories completed education
upto matriculation with experience of less than five years. Majority of them opted
broiler farming as a secondary occupation with less than one fifth had training in
this vocation.
Most of the respondents from non-contract farming were satisfied with the
marketing support offered by various agencies, except for live weight broiler
chicken price, whereas incentives and price offered per kilo gram live weight was
less satisfying in contract farmers. Private agencies and poultry farmers
associations were the most satisfying organizations to offer the organizational
support in both farming systems.
On detailed analysis of the economics of commercial broiler chicken production
among the non-contract and contract farmers, the total cost of production in noncontract farming system was seen as highest on small farms (< 2040 birds) with
Rs.72.71followed by medium (< 2040-4420 birds) with Rs.71.00and large farms
(>4420) with Rs69.46 per Kg live weight. The gross return enjoyed per kg live
was almost same with an average ofRs.78.59 irrespective of the farm size based
on the average broiler live weight rate per year and the net return per kg live
weight was more in large farms. Majority of the farmers in both systems were
landless with annual income below Rs.1,30,000in non-contract farming and
between Rs.1,30,000 to Rs.2,30,000 in contract system.
In the case of contract farming system, the total cost of production per
kilogram live weight was less in large farms while the net return was more in this
category of farms. Livability per cent, feed conversion ratio, broiler performance
efficiency factor, broiler farm economy index, margin of safety and benefit cost
ratio were 97.18 and 96.65 per cent, 1.674 and 1.682, 128.33 and 127.72, 2.97 and
2.94, 10.29 and 22.08 per cent, 1.11 and 1.28 among non-contract and contract
farming system respectively. The Analysis of the existing practices in noncontract and contract broiler farming revealed that almost all were owned the farm
by themselves who followed the deep litter system engaging temporary labours as
and when required for performing routine activities and majority of them
following all-in-all-out system of management. Majority of the respondents opted
three times vaccination per batch and pit disposal method for disposal of dead
birds in both systems.
Majority of the non-contract and contract farmers preferred to use their
personal savings as capital investment on broiler production and also felt that the
broiler farming business has slightly declined in last twelve to twenty four
months. The high cost of chicks, high cost of feed, high cost of litter and lower
capital were the production constraints while high fluctuation of meat price and
seasonal fluctuation in demand were the important marketing constraints faced by
non-contract broiler farmers. Similarly in case of contract farming systems high
litter cost and competition for contract farming were the major production
constraints while seasonal fluctuation in demand for broiler meat and threat of
discontinuing contract agreement were the major marketing constraints
experienced by farmers involved in contract farming