ASSESSMENT OF IRRIGATION POTENTIAL AND OPTIMIZATION OF AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT
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Date
2022-08-18
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guntur
Abstract
The present study entitled “Assessment of irrigation potential and optimization of available water resources for sustainable agriculture in Anantapur district” was conducted to identify probable drought hit areas, identify water bodies, estimate irrigation water requirement and to develop software for designing location specific water harvesting structures in Anantapur district. Cluster analysis was carried out for 63 mandals in the Anantapur district based on mean annual rainfall using SPSS 26 software. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) for 12 months values was estimated using "MDM" (Meteorological Drought Monitoring) software application to identify the drought affected mandals. The mandals viz., Madakasira (Cluster 1), Singanamala and Parigi (Cluster 2), Bukkapatnam (Cluster 3) Gummagatta (Cluster 4) and Bommanahal and Chenne Kothapalle (Cluster 5) were found to be most affected by drought. Monthly rainfall forecasting was carried out using seasonal autoregressive moving average (SARIMA) model by testing 267 combinations using SPSS 26 software. Based on the best SARIMA models, the maximum probable annual rainfall values were observed in Brahmasamudram (Cluster 1), Gandlapenta (Cluster 2), Kadiri (Cluster 3), Kambadur (Cluster 4) and D. Hirehal (Cluster 5) mandals of Anantapur district respectively. The area of the surface water bodies for pre-monsoon (May) and post-monsoon (November) seasons from 2006 to 2015 in Anantapur district were estimated using QGIS. The minimum and maximum area of the surface water bodies for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons were 1081, 5236 and 3480, 9032 ha for the years 2009 and 2010 respectively. The highest and lowest percentage of change of area of surface water bodies in post monsoon were 221.9 and 48.1 per cent as compared to pre-monsoon season due to distribution of rainfall in Anantapur district.
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The crop water requirements for five major crops viz., groundnut, sunflower, paddy, jowar and maize were computed. The highest crop water demand and available surface and ground water resources were observed to be 4805.2 and 1958.83 MCM respectively. By using LINGO 11.0 software, the current scenarios of irrigation vs cultivated area of the availability of water resources, the highest net benefits, show highest net benefits of Rs. 22363 crores for the year 2017 followed by Rs. 20610 crores for the year 2014 due to higher available surface and ground water resources compared to other years 2004, 2009, 2011. For higher available surface and ground water resources, highest net benefit crops may be grown. The potential scenarios of irrigation vs cultivated of availability of water resources, highest net benefits i.e., Rs.18,291 crores got in Scenario 1 as compared to other 6 scenarios. For the prediction of future scenarios, it was assumed to be available ground and surface water resources i.e., 195883 ha-m may be present in the future and also considering the minimum cultivation area for highest crop water demand crops like., Paddy and Sunflower reduced by 75, 50 and 25 per cent and got maximum net benefits of Rs. 23841, 23249 and 22856 crores respectively. Based on highest net benefits, the optimum values of irrigation potential areas for the major crops like., groundnut, sunflower, paddy, jowar and wheat crops were 590311.4, 1260.5, 4180.75, 12530 and 10824 ha respectively. Location specific farm pond design was developed for the benefit of line department officials like., Department of Agriculture, Horticulture and DRDA etc. Based on the mathematical formulae and these designs are developed in Visual basic13. Design can be used for rectangle/square, inverted cone based on requirement and storage capacity and cost estimation for local conditions very effectively and accurately. This software is easy to install and run-in windows 10 operating system and also user friendly. The construction cost of the farm pond, gross returns, net returns and benefit cost ratio of the fish farming were Rs. 99794, Rs. 33000, Rs. 11416 and 1.53 respectively. There is to encourage the local farmers to adopt this technology in drought prone areas of Anantapur district
Key words: Irrigation potential, optimization of water resources, SPSS, LINGO, QGIS,
MDM, Cluster, cultivated area and SARIMA
Description
ASSESSMENT OF IRRIGATION POTENTIAL AND OPTIMIZATION OF AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT