STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF FEEDINC; SHEANUT CAKE (VITELLARIA PARADOXA) BASED COMPLETE DIETS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GRADED MURRAH BUFFALOES
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Date
2008-11
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Two complete diets were formulated using palm press fibre (20% & 15%) and chopped
jowar straw (20% & 25%) as roughage source and sheanut cake (18.5% & 28%) along with
locally available concentrate ingredients with roughage concentrate ratio of 4050 and processed
into mash (R 11 ) and (R 111). These two diets were compared with conventional ration (R I)
containing chopped jowar straw. green jo~arfo dder and concentrate mixture fed separately to
study their effect on nutrient digestibilit). quantit? and qualit! of milk. cost of production. eating
and rumination behaviour in lactating graded Murrah buffaloes The same rations were also fed to
growing graded Murrah buffalo c.nl\rs to >tud> the cfTcct of three ration\ on nutrient util~zat~on,
growth rate. feed con\*er<lonr atlo. cto~l Ic ed pcr kg gnln. rumcn ferlnentation pattern. eating
and rumination hehaviour The average dr! miitccr intahc per 100 kg bod! iseight b> lactating buffaloes were
comparable mony the rations R I. RII and R Ill. The J;gestibilit> coefficients of dq matter.
organic matter, crude protein. and ether estract and nitrogen free estract were significantly (P<
0.01) higher. where as crude fibre and NDF (P<O.OI) and ADF and cellulose (P<O.OS) were lower
in comple{e diets (RI1 and R Ill) \,,hen con~pared with conventional (R I) in lactating buffaloes.
The digestible crude protein (DCP)in lahe aas significnntb higher (P < 0.01) in complete diets (R
I1 and R 111) than conventional ration (R I). \vhereas total digestible nutrient (7'DN) intake &\ere
Compamble. The daily avcmgc n1ilh !.ielJ. riiilL Sat. SNF and total solids percentage5 \\ere
comparable among the experimental diets. The average milk far yields were 0.45, 0.50 and 0.50
kg on R I, R I1 and R 111, respectively. No significant difference was observed in 6 per cent fat corrected milk (6%FCM) yield and DM1 per kg 6% FCM yield in lactating buffaloes fed experimental diets. The cost of feed per kg milk yield and cost of feed per kg 6 % FCM yield did not differ among conventional and
complete rations. The mean digestibilities of' DM. OM. C'P. EE and NFE were significantly (P < 0.01)
higher in complete diets (R I1 and R 111) when compared to conventional ration (R I).H owever.
digestibilities of CF. NDF. ADF and cellulose were significantly (Pc0.01) lower on complete
diets (R If and R Ill) than conventional diets (R I). Significantly (P<0.01) higher N, Ca and P
retention was recorded in complete diets (R I1 and R Ill) than conventional diet (R I). The DCP
intake was significantly (P<0.01) higher in diets R I1 and R Ill when compared to R I, whereas
TDN intake was comparable among the three experimental diets (R I, R II and R 111).
Significantly (PcO.05) higher live weight gain was observed in buffalo calves fed on diet
Ill as compared to those fed on ration I. llowever there was no significant difference between
complete rations R II and K Ill. 'I he average dailj gain (ADG) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher
in diet R 111 (494.67 gt follo\rt-d h> K 11 (474.00 g) and R 1 (11 5.67 g). The DM1 per kg weight
gain was non significant in dicth K 111 (8.50) and K 11 (9.15) uhen compared to R 1 (9.61). The
cost of feed per Lg weight gain \\as comparable among three dict. The buffalo calves on diet 111
recorded higher growth rate and consumed less feed pcr kg gain resulting in superior FCR than
other two diets (R I and R 11). Rumcn liquor pH decreased (P<0.01). where as ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fat5 acids (TVFA) concentration increased (PC 0.01) in complete diets (R II and R 111)
when compared with conventional diet (R I). Time of sampling had a significant (P 0.01) effect
on NHJ-N and TVFA concentrations. which peaked at 3 h post feeding irrespective of
experimental rations. Eating and rumination hchaviour indicated that eating time. rumination time. rumination
period and chewing time were significantl? (P4.01) higher. wherc as resting time uas loser on
conventional diet (K I ) u hen ccrmparcd \r it11 coniplcte dicts (K II and R Ill) in b~thla ctating
buffaloes and calves rumination tirnc. I'he pcrccnt elf time spent for rumination and chelving time
were significantly (P<O.OI) higher where as resting time and percent of time spent for resting \+as
lower in conventional diet (R 1) when compared with complete diets(K II and Rill) in gro\\ing
buffalo calves. The data on environmental effect indicated that non- significant differences in rectal
temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate and daily feed and DM intake in lactating buffaloes and
growing buffalo calves fed experimental diets R I, R I1 and R Ill reflecting lower THI values due
to low variation in micro-environmental conditions during the respective experimental periods.
The present study indicated that fibrous by-products like palm press fibre and sheanut cake
could be better utilized by incorporating in complete diets of lactating Murrah buffaloes and
growing buffalo calves. Further, processing of the complete diets (R:C :: 40:60) mash would
improve the nutritive value and nutrient utilization there by resulted in higher quantity and quality
of milk yield and decreased cost of feed per kg milk production in lactating Murrah buffaloes and
higher average daily gain (ADG) and superior feed conversion ratio (FCR) in growing buffalo
calves. when compared with conventional diet where concentrates and roughages were fed
separately.
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