STUDY OF SEASONAL RAINFALL IMPACT ON RAINFED AGRICULTURE AND MAJOR WATER BODIES IN BULDHANA DISTRICT USING RS AND GIS.
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Date
2017-10-09
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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra.
Abstract
Agriculture is primarily dependent on regional climate and among the different climatic factors, rainfall is a scare and an important hydrological variable that plays important role in dryland agriculture. For proper agriculture planning, management and to minimize drought risk it is essential to know the stable rainfall period of seasonal rainfall and length of crop growing period.
The study was carried out in Buldhana district of Vidarbha region by analyzing monthly seasonal rainfall during 1998 – 2016 at different taluka places for identification of stable rainfall period, length of growing period and drought characterization. The drought, excess and normal rainfall years were identified on the basis aridity index and metrological drought method. The years 2013, 2014 and 2016 were selected as excess rainfall, drought year and normal rainfall respectively. The changes in agriculture vegetation and water spread area of major water bodies during drought rainfall year and excess rainfall year over normal rainfall year were estimated by using LISS-III sensor data of Landsat satellite images in GIS environment. The impact of different category rainfall years on productivity of cotton, mung, tur and soybean crop was studied.
The stable rainfall period in different talukas of Buldhana district varies from 48 to 97 days. The length of growing period in different talukas of Buldhana district ranges from 116 to 138 days. Drought categorization and its distribution using aridity index and meteorological classification in the study area indicated that out of 19 years study period, wide spread drought covering more than 50 per cent of the stations occurred during 8 years (42.1 % years) and 7 years (36.8 % years) respectively. The agriculture vegetation pixel count increases by 41.8 percent during excess rainfall year over normal rainfall year in different talukas of Buldhana district.
The water spread area of major water bodies in Buldhana district reduces from 3.5 to 18.9 per cent during drought rainfall year (2014), whereas the same was increased by 3.6 to 30.5 per cent during excess rainfall year (2013) over normal rainfall year (2016). The agricultural productivity of different rainfed crops (cotton, mung, tur and soybean) decreases during drought rainfall years over excess and normal rainfall years, due to the shortage of rainfall to fulfil the crop water requirements during the dry period of drought years.
Description
In rainfed areas, crop planning is solely dependent on amount of rainfall and its distribution pattern. Keeping above points in view, the present study on “Study of seasonal rainfall impact on rainfed agriculture and major water bodies in Buldhana district using RS and GIS” was carried outin Buldhana district of Vidarbha region by analyzing monthly seasonal rainfall during 1998 – 2016 at different taluka places for identification of stable rainfall period, length of growing period and drought characterization. The drought, excess and normal rainfall years were identified on the basis aridity index and metrological drought method. The years 2013, 2014 and 2016 were selected as excess rainfall, drought year and normal rainfall respectively. The changes in agriculture vegetation and water spread area of major water bodies during drought rainfall year and excess rainfall year over normal rainfall year were estimated by using LISS-III sensor data of Landsat satellite images in GIS environment. The impact of different category rainfall years on productivity of cotton, mung, tur and soybean crop was studied.
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Citation
KUTE, PRERANA S. (2017). Study of seasonal rainfall impact on rainfed agriculture and major water bodies in Buldhana district using RS and GIS. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering (Agricultural Engineering), Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. M. Tech. 2017. Print. xi, 103p. (Unpublished).