PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL FEEDING OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM IN BROILERS
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Date
2006
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
Pathological studies on experimental feeding of diclofenac sodium in broilers were carried out to know the role of diclofenac sodium in causation of visceral gout in broiler chicks. Plasma uric acid levels were monitored to know the effects on kidney functions. Dose and strain effect was also studied. Diclofenac sodium was administered through feed with different doses from day old to 15 days of age to Cobb-100 and Hubbard commercial broiler chicks. Total five experimental groups viz. Group-I (Control), Group-II (2.5 ppm diclofenac), Group-III (5 ppm diclofenac), Group-IV (10 ppm diclofenac) and Group-V (15 ppm diclofenac) were made with each group containing 20 chicks of both the strains. Replicates of each study were performed. Clinical signs and mortality were recorded during the experiment and the surviving birds were sacrificed on 16th day morning to know the pathological changes. In Group-I 85 Group-II of both the strains did not show observable clinical signs and mortality during the experiment. Group- III, Group-IV and Group-V from both the strains showed similar clinical signs which characterized by dullness, depression, apathy, ruffled feathers and decline to move due to lameness. Clinical signs particularly lameness was more severe and more frequent in high dose group. Mortality was observed only in Groups III, IV and V in both the strains. Cobb-100 showed mortality between 5 to 12 days while Hubbard between 6 to 12 days of age. There was no mortality later on inspite of the drug being continued in the feed. Highest mortality of 42.5% in Cobb-100 was noticed in Group-V followed by 37.5 % in Group-IV and 15 % in Group-III. Highest mortality of 37.5% in Hubbard was noticed in Group-V followed by 22.5 % in Group-lV and 15 % in Group-lII. Increase in the dose of diclofenac from 5 ppm to 10 ppm and from 10 ppm to 15 ppm the mortality has also increased in both the commercial strains. Birds died during the experiment showed characteristic gross and microscopic lesions of visceral gout. The gross lesion of chalky white urate deposits on all the visceral organs were prominent. The urate deposits were found on serosal surfaces of heart, liver, proventriculus, gizzard, intestines, lungs, and air sacs. Involvements of joints were seen in birds of Group-V. Histopathological lesions in kidney, liver, heart and lungs were maiinly of the nature of variable degrees of congestion, mild to severe haemorrhages and deposition of urates in form of amorphous material or radiating crystalline rosette pattern. Plasma uric acid levels in surviving birds after feeding of diclofenac continuously for 15 days showed significant increase compared to control group. Mean plasma uric acid levels (mg/dl) in Cobb-100 were 11.93±0.21, 11.65±0.45, 17.35±0.19, 25.5±0.51 and 34.5±0.81 in Group-1, Group-Il, Group-Ill, Group-lV and Group-V respectively. The corresponding values for Hubbard were 8.97±0.87, 11.7±0.03, 15.85±0.19, 21.6±0.11 and 32.65±0.14.
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VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, A STUDY