STUDIES ON IXODID TICKS OF DOG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VECTOR POTENTIALITY BY MOLECULAR METHOD
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Date
2022
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 401
Abstract
A systematic study on tick infestation of dogs presented to the Veterinary
college hospital, Hebbal, breeders, pet clinics and non-governmental organisations
located in and around Bengaluru was carried out to know the prevalence status,
morphological and molecular identification of ticks, evaluation of acaricidal activity of
phytotherapeutic compounds and vector potentiality of ixodid ticks of dog by molecular
method. The overall prevalence of tick infestation in dogs was recorded as 44 per cent
in and around Bengaluru. Morphologically, the species of ticks were identified as
Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and Haemaphysalis sp.
and PCR targeting 12S rRNA gene revealed three tick species such as, Rhipicephalus
sanguineus, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and Haemaphysalis longicornis by
sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Acaricidal activity of deltamethrin, piperine,
nanopiperine, curcumin and nanocurcumin was done by larval packet test (LPT) and
adult immersion test (AIT). LPT against R. sanguineus larvae showed an LC50 at 2.89
ppm for nanopiperine followed by 6.2 ppm, 6.95 ppm, 32.5 ppm and 64.05 ppm for
piperine, nanocurcumin, curcumin and deltamethrin respectively. AIT against R.
sanguineus showed an LC50 at concentration of 5.652 for nanopiperine followed by
6.959 for nanocurcumin, 19.863 for piperine, 32.581 for curcumin and 161.017 for
deltamethrin. In both LPT and AIT, LC50 values of nanopiperine and nanocurcumin
were significantly lower compared to deltamethrin. Nanopiperine and nanocurcumin
showed significant ovulation inhibitory activity with lower IC50 and IC99 values
compared to piperine, curcumin and deltamethrin. The vector potentiality of dog tick
was studied by molecular method in 50 ticks DNA randomly selected from 600 pooled
tick samples. PCR was carried out by targeting GroEL, 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA and
RpoBgenes of Ehrlichia, Babesia and Hepatozoon, Haemobortenella and Anaplasma
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species respectively using specific primers. The results of the molecular study showed
highest prevalence of Ehrlichia canis (13/26 %) followed by Babesia spp. (7/14 %),
Hepatozoon canis (5/10%) and Mycoplasma haemocanis (5/10 %) along with 6 (12 %)
mixed infection. However, none of the tick DNA sample revealed positive by PCR
targeting RpoB genes of Anaplasma species. Thus, the study provides key information
on the distribution of ticks and tick-borne pathogens of dogs in and around Bengaluru,
which will aid in the developing and strategizing effective control measures.
Keywords: Dog, Ticks, Acaricidal activity, Vector potentiality, PCR