EVALUATION OF EXTREME AMBIENCE ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN BIOMARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN INDIGENOUS PIG FROM ARID TRACTS
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Date
2015
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Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner - 334001
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate extreme ambience associated changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress in indigenous pigs from arid tracts. Blood samples were collected during moderate, hot and cold ambiences to determine antioxidant biomarkers and enzyme biomarkers of oxidative stress in the serum. In each ambience blood samples were collected and the animals were grouped according to age as 4-6 months, 6-8 months,
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8-10 months, 10-12 months and 12-14 months. Antioxidant biomarkers of oxidative stress included vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and glutathione. Enzyme biomarkers of oxidative stress included super oxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione reductase(GR), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PO), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and monoamine oxidase(MAO). The mean overall values in serum of indigenous pigs during moderate ambience (control) were 2.60±0.02 µmol L-1 for vitamin A; 21.56±0.41 µmol L-1for vitamin C; 7.00±0.01 µmol L-1 for vitamin E; 8.00±0.01 µmol L-1 for glutathione; 179.00±2.12 kU L-1for SOD; 15.00±0.05 kUL-1for GR; 75.00±0.50 kU L-1for CAT; 65.00±0.40 kU L-1 for PO; 55.00±0.46 U L-1 for GGT and154.00±1.33 UL-1 for MAO. The mean values of serum vitamin A, C, E and glutathione were significantly (p≤0.05) lower during hot and cold ambiences as compared to moderate overall mean value. The age effects were significant (p≤0.05) in moderate, extreme hot and cold ambiences. Age effect showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the mean values being highest in the animals of 12-14 months of age. The mean values of enzyme biomarkers were significantly (p≤0.05) higher during hot and cold ambiences as compared to moderate overall mean value. It was observed that increase in the values during hot ambience was greater than that of cold ambience. The age effects were significant (p≤0.05) in moderate, extreme hot and cold ambiences. Age effect showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the mean values being highest in the animals of 12-14 months of age. The correlations among biomarkers were highly significant (p≤0.01). An inverse relationship between antioxidant biomarkers and enzyme biomarkers of oxidative stress showed status of body resistance against oxidative stress due to extreme hot and cold ambiences. Maximum percent change was observed in the activity of superoxide dismutase during extreme hot ambience in comparison to moderate ambience. This was 178.21 %. Maximum 89.02% change was observed in the mean overall value of monoamine oxidase during extreme cold ambience. Ambiences and age groups interaction was highly significant (p≤0.01) for each biomarker in all the ambiences. Age effect was seen on all antioxidant biomarkers and enzyme biomarkers of oxidative stress. Pattern was similar for all the biomarkers. Mean value for each biomarker in each ambience was found to be lowest in 4-6 months age group and highest in 12-14 months age group. Percent changes were maximum for each biomarker in 46 months of age pigs. In view of the fact that parameters investigated in the present study were biomarkers of oxidative stress in animals, hence incidence of presence of maximum percent change in the mean values of the
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animals of 4-6 months of age signified the development of greater degree of oxidative stress comparatively due to extreme hot and cold ambiences. Archetype of alterations in the mean values of biomarkers of oxidative stress divulged the subsistence of oxidative stress during hot and cold ambiences. However, extent of oxidative stress was greater during hot ambience in comparison to cold ambience. It can be suggested that pigs must be supplemented with proper antioxidants to fortify the antioxidant status in order to protect the body from the danger of oxidative stress during extreme ambiences. The upshots of study will aid in understanding the scientific tools required for maintaining health and comfort of the indigenous pigs. Values obtained in the present investigation will lend a hand in offering reference data for laboratory diagnosis of diseases in indigenous pigs as this is the first study of its type where biomarkers of oxidative stress have been determined at one platform in indigenous pigs. The values acquired can be utilized in veterinary clinical physiology for future research in the field of oxidative stress and in preparing management practices during hostile ambiences.
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