EFFICACY OF BONE SUBSTITUTES FOR FRACTURE HEALING IN GOATS
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Date
2016
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Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur (M.P.)
Abstract
During the study period total of 23997 cases were registered. Among this, 198 cases were of fracture in different species of animals, which accounts an incidence of 0.82 percent. Highest incidence of fracture was recorded in caprine (45.45), followed by canine (34.84). Higher incidence was observed in male goats (68.89%) between 6 months to 1 year (40%) of age. Involvement of different bone was studied and it was found that highest incidence of fracture was observed in metacarpal 31(34.44%), followed by metatarsal (23.33).
Twenty four goats having fracture were divided into four groups, each group consisting of 6 animals. The fracture of group I were immobilized by internal fixation alone, group II: Internal fixation + Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), group III: Internal fixation + β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold and group IV: Internal fixation + BMMSCs in β-TCP scaffold. Temperature, pulse and respiration were recorded pre-operatively and at 30 minutes, 24 and 48 hour after surgery and they fluctuated within normal range.
Exudation and pain decreased gradually in all groups with no pain and exudation on 7thpost-operative day in all groups except in control group, where it was found till 15th post-operative day. Complete weight bearing was observed on 30th day in all three groups except group I.
Radiographic evaluation revealed no callus in any of the group till 7th post- operative day, while slight periosteal reaction was observed in group II, III and IV on 15th post- operative day. On 30th post-operative day maximum callus was observed in group IV, followed by group III and II. Extensive callus was observed on 45th day in group IV, followed by group II and III, while least callus was seen in group I.
A non-significant decrease in total erythrocyte count, PCV, haemoglobin and lymphocyte was observed on 7th post-operative day, in all groups and values fluctuated within normal range.
Alkaline phosphatase level showed an increasing trend till 15th post-operative day in all groups, followed by gradual decrease till 45th post-operative day, in groups II, III and IV. Creatinine kinase showed a significant decrease on 7th day in all groups. Level of serum calcium decreased till 45th day in all groups, followed by increase till the end of observation period. Serum phosphorous revealed a decreasing trend in all groups till 90th post operative day. Slight decrease in total protein was observed on 7th post-operative day and then it increased gradually in all groups. Decrease in blood glucose was also observed on 7th post-operative day and thereafter, it fluctuated within normal range.
Thus on the basis of above findings it was concluded that, combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and β-tricalcium phosphate is good bone substitute, to accelerate fracture healing, followed by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and β-tricalcium phosphate alone respectively, which were equally good as bone substitutes for fracture healing.