HYBRID BREEDING IN OKRA [ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (L.) MOENCH]
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Date
2011
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Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Hybrid breeding in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]” was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm,Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi. The study material for the present investigation composed of twenty genetically diverse parents (17 lines and 3 testers) and their 51 crosses for two seasons i.e. Rainy and Summer season. The experiment consisted of a total of 71 treatments (17 lines, 3 testers & 51 F1’s) and was laid out in randomized block design with three replications during Rainy season, 2007 and Summer season, 2008. The observations were recorded for 17 characters namely, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches/plant, number of nodes/plant, internodal length, days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of fruits/plant, single fruit weight, fruit length, colour of pod, reaction to yellow vein mosaic virus and ascorbic acid content. Among the female parental lines, VRO-6 was found good general combiner for number of nodes/plant and fruit yield/plant. Other god combiner was VRO-5 noticed for single fruit weight and ascorbic acid content during Rainy season. However, during Summer season VRO-6 was also found good general combiner for single fruit weight, fruit yield/plant and ascorbic acid content followed by VRO-5. Among male parental lines Arka Anamika was found to be good general combiner for most of the desirable traits. Considering the estimates of gca effects and based on per se performance VRO-6 and VRO-5 were found the best parental lines for fruit yield/plant and several other its component traits. Considering the estimates of sca effects and based on per se performance Arka Abhay × Arka Anamika, VRO-6 × Arka Anamika and VRO-5 × Pusa Sawani were found best hybrid during both the years for fruit yield/plant and several other its component traits. Therefore, due to exploitable yield potential these hybrids may be considered for future hybrid breeding programme. The outstanding F1 hybrid over better parents were IIVR-198 × Arka Anamika for plant height during both the season, Arka Abhay × Arka Anamika for stem diameter in Rainy and IC-140906 × Pusa Sawani in Summer season, IIVR-198 × Prabhani Kranti in Rainy season and IIVR-401 × Prabhani Kranti in Summer season for number of nodes per plant, IIVR-198 × Prabhani Kranti in Rainy season and IIVR-401 × Pusa Sawani in Summer season for internodal length, IIVR-401 × Prabhani Kranti in Summer season for days to first flowering, IC-43720 × Arka Anamika in Rainy season and IC-128883 × Arka Anamika in Summer season for days to 50 per cent flowering, EC-305612 × Pusa Sawani in Rainy season and IIVR-198 × Prabhani Kranti in Summer season for number of fruits per plant, IC-218844 × Arka Anamika in Rainy season and IIVR-401 × Arka Anamika in Summer season for single fruit weight, IC-218844 × Arka Anamika in Rainy season and IC-140934 × Pusa Sawani in Summer season for fruit length, IC-218844 × Arka Anamika for fruit diameter in both season, VRO-5 × Pusa Sawani for fruit yield per plant, SA-2 × Arka Anamika in Rainy and SA-2 × Pusa Sawani in Summer season for number of seeds per fruit and EC-305612 × Pusa Sawani in Rainy season and Arka Abhay × Arka Anamika in Summer season for ascorbic acid content. The outstanding F1’s over standard variety were IIVR-198 × Arka Anamika in both the seasons for plant height, IIVR-435 × Pusa Sawani in Rainy season and SA-2 × Pusa Sawani in Summer season for number of branches per plant, IIVR-198 × Prabhani Kranti in Rainy season and IIVR-401 × Prabhani Kranti in Summer season for number of nodes per plant, VRO-5 × Arka Anamika in Summer season for internodal length, IC-43720 × Arka Anamika in Rainy and IIVR-401 × Prabhani Kranti in Summer season for days to first flowering, IC-43720 × Arka Anamika in Rainy and SA-2 × Prabhani Kranti in Summer season for days to 50 per cent flowering, EC-305612 × Arka Anamika in Summer season for number of fruits per plant, VRO-5 × Pusa Sawani in Rainy season for single fruit weight, VRO-5 × Arka Anamika in Rainy season and IC-140934 × Pusa Sawani in Summer season for fruit length, IC-218844 × Arka Anamika in both the seasons for fruit diameter, Arka Abhay × Arka Anamika in Summer season for fruit yield per plant and SA-2 × Arka Anamika in Rainy season and IC-45806 × Pusa Sawani in Summer season for number of seeds per fruit. Higher genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for number of branches per plant, fruit yield per plant, internodal length and number of nodes per plant. Among the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher in magnitude than GCV for all the traits. Based on genotypic and phenotypic correlations single fruit weight, number of fruit per plant and number of seeds per fruit were identified as important fruit yield component in Rainy season. However, number of fruits per plant, plant height and stem diameter were most crucial yield component for Summer season. Path coefficient analysis carried out at genotypic level revealed that number of fruit per plant exerted maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant in Rainy parents, plant height in Rainy season F1’s, number of fruits per plant in Summer season parent and Summer season F1’s exerted maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant. However, the highest positive indirect effect was found in ascorbic acid content via. number of fruits per plant for Rainy season parents, internodal length via. number of fruits per plant for Rainy season F1’s, number of seeds per fruit via. number of fruits per plant in Summer season parents and stem diameter via. number of fruits per plant in Summer season F1’s exerted maximum positive indirect effect on fruit yield per plant.
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Solanki, S. S. 2011. Hybrid breeding in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi.