“STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERGENCE FOR GRAIN QUALITY IN PROMISING GENOTYPES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)”
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Date
2016
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PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY. HYDERABAD
Abstract
A field experiment conducted with 32 rice genotypes (pre-release and released) at three locations (Warangal, Rudrur, Rajendranagar) revealed that high amount of genetic variability existed for prime yield components (days to 50 % flowering, no. of grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight) and yield . The estimates of heritability and genetic advance were high for these two yield traits. No. of grains per panicle ranged from 94.43 (Erramallelu) to 194.95 (RNR 15048) with a general mean of 139.68. Highest value of 1000 seed weight (23.20) was registered in case of MTU 1010, whereas the lowest was associated with Godavariisukalu (10.54).
Based on inter cluster distances, crossing between the genotypes from cluster IX (JGL 17004) and XII (HR 59); IV (Sambamashuri) and XII (HR 59); V (NLR 34449) and XII (HR 59); IX (JGL 17004) and XI (Chittimutyalu) were recommended to create variability. Of all the lines evaluated, JGL 11727 and MTU 1010 (long slender grains) and RNR 15048, JGL 11470, JGL 3844, WGL 32100 (medium slender grains) were identified for their suitability across three locations due to expression of high yield potential and stability.
Quality analysis depicted a spectrum of variability among the genotypes. Highest head rice recovery was registered in case of Krishna, JGL 1798 and JGL 3844. Two rice varieties (JGL 11470 and JGL 11727) for cooking quality traits and six varieties viz., JGL 11470 (protein and iron); Sheetal (protein and zinc); Bhadrakali (iron and zinc); RNR 15038 (iron); Krishna and WGL 44 (zinc alone), were identified as the promising ones.
Based on the divergence studies, crossing between Sheetal × Sumathi or Pusa 1121; Sheetal × parents of cluster I and Sheetal × Bhadrakali or JGL 11470 were suggested to combine nutritional quality traits effectively.
Studies of correlations and path analysis across environments revealed that no. of grains per panicle and 1000 seed weight played greater role in realizing high grain yield potential. High nutritional contents as well as good elongation ability exhibited a negative association with head rice recovery. Therefore, it was felt that a sound breeding programme with multiple crosses was necessary to combine good quality traits.
On overall basis JGL 11727, JGL 11470, Krishna and RNR 15048 were adjudged as the best varieties for cultivation in Telangana state in large scale.
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Keywords
genotypes, yields, rice, grain, genetics, planting, developmental stages, biological phenomena, environment, heritability