Ameliorative Effect of Tamarindus Indica Linn. On Sodium Fluoride Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats
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Date
41900
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MAFSU
Abstract
The present study was conducted in 36 Wistar rats, weighing
around 150-200 g which was divided into six groups (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and
T6) each comprising of six rats. The prime objectives of experiment was to
study the ameliorative effect of Tamarindus indica on sodium fluoride
induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Fluoride toxicity was induced by
administering sodium fluoride @ 20 mg/kg body weight. T1 served as negative control which received normal saline only. T2 served as positive
control received sodium fluoride @ 20 mg/kg body weight only, T3
received ascorbic acid @ 200 mg/kg body weight and treatment was given
to T4, T5 and T6 with different doses viz. 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b. w of
aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica respectively along with sodium
fluoride. The blood was collected after 28 days for haematological and
serum biochemical study and then all the rats were sacrificed for lipid
peroxidation and histopathological studies.
All the treatment groups produced significant result in
haematological parameters by increasing WBC, Hb and PCV level while
no significant changes were seen in RBC count.
Fluoride elevated the enzymes like SGOT, SGPT and SALP. It
indicated liver injury. All treatments (T4, T5 and T6) proved effective by
decreasing the activities of these enzymes. The amount of total protein,
albumin and globulin also decreased in T2 group. Aqueous extract
treatment resulted in a significant way by increasing the content of total
protein.
Lipid peroxidation in kidney and liver was assessed by increased
level of TBARS, lipid hydro peroxidase and decreased activities of SOD,
catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The content of glutathione also
decreased in both organs. Aqueous extract at all the three doses viz. 100,
200 and 300 mg/kg b.w. decreased lipid peroxidation in both organs by
improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing the level of
TBARS and lipid hydro peroxidase. The glutathione content also improved
in both organs. The activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione
peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase also improved in all
treatment groups.
Fluoride induced morphological changes in liver and kidney.
Predominant hepatic histopathological alterations were severe
degenerative changes resulting in reduction of sinusoidal space, focal
necrosis and vacuolization of hepatocytes. In kidney nephrotic changes
including degenerative changes in tubular epithelium, interstitial haemorrhage, vacuolar changes and destruction of glomeruli. Bowman’s
space was also found to be distended with haemorrhagewere noticed in
fluoride administered group. Histopathological alterations in T3, T4, T5 and
T6 were similar to T2 but of milder degree. By using aqueous extract
complete reversal of the toxic changes were obtained. The overall
inference of the study is that the aqueous fruit pulp extract at all the doses
viz. 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.w used showed ameliorative effect on the
damage caused by fluoride induced toxicity.