Loading...
Institutional Publications
Browse
2 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Characterization and heterosis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) landraces of Odisha(Department of Vegetable Science, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021-11-06) Tripathy, Barsha; Tripathy, Pradyumna; Sahu, G. S.; Dash, S. K.; Pradhan, B. D.The present investigation entitled, “Characterization and heterosis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) landraces of Odisha” was carried out at AICRP on Vegetable Crops, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during rabi, 2017-18, kharif, 2018 and rabi,2019- 20.The objectives of the study were morphological characterization of brinjal landraces of Odisha followed by development of round fruited brinjal F1 hybrid(s) for higher fruit yield and tolerance to bacterial wilt. Forty eight landraces of brinjal collected from different parts of the state with four check varieties were evaluated during 2017-18 by adopting randomized block design with two replications. Subsequently nine distinct diverse brinjal landraces were used for hybridization programme in half-diallel mating fashion to develop 36 F1 crosses during 2018. These 36 F1 crosses along with nine parents were evaluated with VNR-5 as hybrid check in RBD with two replications during 2019-20. Observations were recorded for various fruit yield and yield attributing parameters. Recorded data were analysed by adopting standard statistical and biometrical procedures. Results on morphological characterization of landraces of Odisha brinjal revealed wide variations for all the 20 traits under study indicating the diversity among the tested landraces. The results indicated the dominance of oblong fruit shape (43.75%), green fruit colour (75.00%), presence of few prickles on pedicel (39.58%) and medium seediness (50.00%) among the tested landraces. On the basis of per se performance, Selection from BBSR-192-1 was identified as best landrace followed by BBSR-192-1 and BBSR-10-15 for fruits plant-1 (40.59, 27.55 and 34.00), tolerance to bacterial wilt incidence (4.17%, 12.50% and 4.17%) and total fruit yield plant-1 (3045.70 g, 2674.90 g and 2505.85 g), respectively. Most of the important traits under study including plant height, fruits plant-1, average fruit weight and total fruit yield plant-1 had high GCV, heritability and genetic advance indicating strong influence of additive gene action and hence simple selection based on phenotypic performance of these traits would be more effective. Results on character association at both phenotypic and genotypic level revealed positive and highly significant correlation of total fruit yield plant-1 with primary branches plant-1 (0.351 and 0.475) and fruits plant-1 (0.775 and 0.804) whereas, traits viz., fruit breadth (-0.292 and -0.327), average fruit weight (-0.267 and -0.296) and 100 seed weight (-0.325 and -0.349) showed significant negative correlations, respectively. However, negative and significant correlation of total fruit yield plant-1 was observed by days to 1st flowering (-0.202) and days to 50% flowering (- 0.198) at genotypic level only. Regarding path analysis in brinjal, highest positive direct effects on total fruit yield plant-1 was exhibited by fruits plant-1 (1.214) followed by plant height at peak fruiting stage (0.734), average fruit weight (0.549), leaf petiole length (0.183), fruit length (0.120) and fruit breadth (0.104). On the other hand, negative direct effects was recorded in plant height at final harvest stage (-0.623) followed by days to 50% flowering (-0.150), leaf blade length (-0.132), 100 seed weight (-0.119) and flowers cluster-1 (-0.108). On the basis of D2 analysis, nine distinct diverse brinjal landraces were identified for hybridization programme for development of round fruited hybrid with higher fruit yield (g plant-1) and tolerance to bacterial wilt (%) viz., BBSR-08-2 (1885.90 and 0.00), BBSR-10-25 (1474.80 and 0.00), Jammusahi Local (1125.30 and 0.00), BBSR-10-26 (1951.40 and 0.00), BBSR-195-3 (2132.20 and 16.67), BBSR-192-1 (2674.90 and 12.50), Selection from BBSR192-1 (3045.70 and 4.17), Selection from BBSR-145-1 (1871.20 and 12.50) and BBSR-09-5 (1543.90 and 8.33), respectively . Results on combining ability revealed that variance due to both gca and sca was significant for all the traits except sca for incidence of bacterial wilt at 90 DAT. The gca effects of nine parents revealed that, the local landraces namely, Selection from BBSR-192-1, BBSR-192-1, BBSR-08-2 and BBSR-195-3 were identified as promising general combiners for fruit yield and yield attributing traits under study. Results also showed that the gca effects of parents were more or less associated with their per se performances for all the traits. On the basis of sca performances F1 crosses namely, Selection from BBSR-145-1 X BBSR-09-5 (829.45), Jammusahi Local X BBSR-192-1 (711.06), BBSR-10-26 X BBSR-192-1 (573.35) and BBSR-08-2 X BBSR-192-1 (534.03) were identified as promising for fruit yield and yield attributing traits. Similarly, the high sca effects for above components were also accompanied by high heterosis as well as high per se performance. Results of present study revealed that most of the superior cross combinations identified had at least one parent with relatively high gca effect for most of the traits. The cross BBSR-08-2 X BBSR-192-1 and BBSR-08-2 X BBSR-09-5 recorded highest heterosis over standard check (VNR-5) (26.97% and 53.54%) and better parent (52.40% and 12.46%) with respect to yield plant-1 and fruits plant-1, respectively. Overall on the basis of per se performance, heterotic response as well as estimates of combining ability, the four important crosses namely, BBSR-08-2 X BBSR-192-1(2705.80 g), Jammusahi Local X BBSR-192-1(2558.50 g), BBSR-195-3 X BBSR-192-1(2555.10 g) and BBSR-10-26 X BBSR-192-1(2515.80 g) were highly suitable for commercial exploitation as F1 hybrid in brinjal with high fruit yield along with tolerance to bacterial wilt (4.17%, 4.17%, 0.00% and 8.33%, respectively). Further, such elite cross combinations can be exploited in subsequent segregating generations for development of high yielding varieties in brinjal. Thus, from the results of present investigation, it may be concluded that in Odisha, local landraces of brinjal had wide diversity which can be effectively used in development of F1 hybrids or HYVs. The local landrace particularly, Selection from BBSR-192-1 and BBSR192-1 may be used as a parent for development of rounded fruited brinjal of superior types. The parent, Jammusahi Local may be used for transferring average fruit weight while Selection from BBSR-192-1 for number of fruits plant-1. The landraces viz., Selection from BBSR-192-1, BBSR-192-1, BBSR-195-3, BBSR-10-26 and Selection from BBSR-145-1 may be used as a parent for development of bacterial wilt tolerance in brinjal with high fruit yield potential. The superior cross combinations namely, BBSR-08-2 X BBSR-192-1, Jammusahi Local X BBSR-192-1, BBSR-195-3 X BBSR-192-1 and BBSR-10-26 X BBSR-192-1 may be used directly as F1 hybrid commercially or selection in superior segregants in future crop improvement programme in brinjal.ThesisItem Open Access Breeding for resistance to bacterial wilt in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)(Department of Vegetable Science, Odisha University of Agricultute and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 2021-10-06) Barik, Satyaprakash; Acharya, Gobinda ChandraBacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Pseudomonas solanacearum) is one of the most pernicious diseases of brinjal causing severe yield losses. Host plant resistance is the best eco-friendly method to combat the losses due to this disease. Further, recent technique of vegetable grafting is also gaining importance. The present investigation was carried out to identify the bacterial wilt resistant genotypes and develop population to study inheritance of bacterial wilt resistance as well as validation of molecular markers associated with bacterial wilt resistance. The study also aimed at exploration of alternate bacterial wilt resistant genotypes to substitute Solanum torvum rootstock, to enhance bacterial wilt resistance, yield and fruit traits of various scions. A total of thirty-one genotypes consisting of publicly available varieties, advanced breeding lines, and wild species were evaluated for bacterial wilt resistance. Besides Solanum torvum, Solanum melongena cv. CARI-1, Utkal Anushree, Arka Nidhi, Arka Anand, IIHR-BNE-1, IIHR-B-NE-3, IC0598430, Arka Harshitha, Swetha, and Surya were also found to be highly resistant to bacterial wilt. Further, inheritance and gene action involved in resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum was studied. Using bacterial wilt resistant accession ‘CARI-1’ as common parent, 18 F1 hybrids were produced. Thirty F1 hybrids (18 CARI-1 (resistant) based and 12 publicly available hybrids/varieties) showed superiority in yields, however showed a varied level of resistance to bacterial wilt. CARI-1 was crossed with two susceptible parents viz., Arka Neelachal Shyama and Pusa Purple Long to develop six generations for both the combinations. The probable genetic control of resistance to bacterial wilt was found to be polygenic recessive in the case of the Arka Neelachal Shyama x CARI-1 derived population. While di-genic with duplicate gene action in the case of Pusa Purple Long x CARI-1 F2 population, however deviation in expected ratios was observed in back cross populations. Generation mean analysis revealed the presence of epistasis. For Arka Neelachal Shyama x CARI-1 derived population, owing to the prevalence of additive × additive non-allelic interaction with a negative sign, delaying of selection to later generations, otherwise inter mating between the selected segregates accompanied by selfing for one or more generation(s) is advised for the aggregation of favorable alleles for enhancement of resistance. Similarly, for Pusa Purple Long x CARI-1 population, the simple selection can be efficient due to the prevalence of additive gene action. All the yield and attributing traits except the number of branches per plant showed a high estimate of dominance as well as environmental variance, disclosing a lower extent of heritability. Duplicate epistasis effects controlled the number of branches revealing the minimal selection frequency during the advanced generations while severe during the later generations. The preponderance of the narrow sense type of heritability revealed that dominant effects were predominantly accountable for the existing genetic variation. 12 Hence, recurrent selection followed by bi-parental mating and selection during the later stage of generations is advised to increase the occurrence of favorable alleles and accumulation of desirable genes. Three publicly available SSR markers associated with bacterial wilt resistance were used to see the suitability. Among three markers, only one SSR marker i.e. emh02E08 showed parental polymorphism among CARI-1 and Arka Neelachal Shyama, however it didn’t show polymorphism among the F2 population of Arka Neelachal Shyama x CARI-1, for which the reported markers could not be validated in the studied population. Grafting had significant impact on vigor, flowering and fruiting traits of the scions viz., VNR 212 and Arka Neelachal Shyama. An increase of fruit yield by 69.23 % and 33.46% was observed in grafted brinjal on CARI-1 rootstock over both the non-grafted scions viz., VNR 212 and Arka Neelachal Shyama, respectively. The grafts on to the rootstocks viz., Solanum torvum, CARI-1, Utkal Anushree and IC0598430 exhibited reduced severity of bacterial wilt under both sick soil and field conditions. Overall, CARI-1 rootstock was found to be promising and can be better explored for enhancing yields and will assist eco-friendly management of bacterial wilt.
