Analysis of genetic diversity of Indian melon (Cucumis melo L.) land races and its comparison with global reference melon populations
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Date
2012
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation entitled, “Analysis of genetic diversity of Indian melon (Cucumis
melo L.) land races and its comparison with global reference melon populations” was
conducted at Department of Vegetable Science and School of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, during the years 2009 and 2010. Eighty-eight melon
accessions collected from Uttrakhand and Uttar Pradesh states of India representing four agroecological
regions (six sub-regions) and eight reference accessions from USA were
characterized and evaluated for nineteen morphological traits of plant and fruit, biochemical
traits such as T S S, ascorbic acid content, titrable acidity and dry matter content, SSR
genotyping and reaction to diseases. Significant differences were noted among all the
accessions for all the characters observed. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation
were found to be high for fruit weight and node at which first hermaphrodite flower appears.
High heritability alongwith high genetic advance was recorded for fruit weight, node at which
first hermaphrodite flower appears, fruit length, seed cavity length, number of primary
branches per vine and total soluble solids content. D2 analysis grouped the accessions into ten
clusters. The reference accessions obtained from USA and land races collected from different
agro-ecological zones of India were found to be scattered in different clusters. No parallelism
was found between genetic and geographic diversity. DNA polymorphism was utilized to
cluster the genotypes into different clusters based on similarity as well as dissimilarity
coefficients. On basis of SSR analysis, dendrogram clustered 96 accessions into three major
groups. There was a significant correlation between botanical groups and the clustering
pattern. Accessions belonging to cantalupensis cluster together in cluster I, accessions of
reticulatus group cluster together in cluster II and momordica group cluster together in cluster
III. However, some accessions of cantalupensis and reticulatus were intermixed in cluster I
and II. Reference accessions cluster together forming a genetically unique assemblage in subgroup
IIA and shared similarity coefficient of 0.65 with sub-group IIB. This suggested that
reference accessions shared genetic affinities with Indian melon accessions that could not
have been predicted based on their geographic origin. Four accessions were free from CMV
and two accessions exhibited immune reaction to downy mildew. The results inferred that
these melon accessions could be used to broaden the genetic base of melon.