EFFECT OF VARIOUS MOISTURE REGIMES AND CROP GEOMETRY ON HYBRID MAIZE UNDER SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION
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Date
2014
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ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Effect of Various Moisture Regimes and Crop Geometry on Hybrid Maize under Subsurface Drip Irrigation” was carried out during rabi, 2013 on sandy clay loam soils of wetland farm of S.V. Agricultural college, Tirupati, Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural university. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation viz., IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 (I1), IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 (I2) and IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 (I3) assigned to main plots and four crop geometry practices viz., 60 x 15 cm (G1), 30/90 x 15 cm (G2), 60 x 20 cm (G3) and 30/90 x 20 cm (G4) allotted to sub plots.
Application of the highest level of irrigation i.e, I3 (IW/CPE ratio of 1.0) recorded the tallest plants, maximum LAI and highest dry matter production of maize at all the crop growth stages and it was at par with I2 (IW/CPE ratio of 0.8), while all of them were found to be at their lowest with the lowest level of irrigation i.e, I1 (IW/CPE ratio of 0.6). Among the crop geometry practices, 30/90 x 15 cm (G2) resulted in the highest stature of plant growth parameters viz., plant height, LAI and dry matter production of maize, and all of them were at their lowest with 60 x 20 cm (G3) and 30/90 x 20 cm (G4) with no significant difference between them.
Interaction effect, wherever it was significant (plant height at 60 DAS and dry matter production at 60 DAS), the combination of highest level of irrigation along with a spacing of 30/90 x 15 cm (I3G2) has resulted in the maximum values of all the above mentioned growth parameters, while they were found to be the lowest with the combination of the lowest level of irrigation along with a spacing of 60 x 20 cm (I1G3).
At IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 (I3), the number of days taken for 50 per cent tasseling and silking were less which was at par with IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 (I2), whereas IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 (I1) resulted in delayed tasseling and silking. Among crop geometry practices, 30/90 x 20 cm (G4) resulted in early tasseling and silking, while 60 x 15 cm (G1) and 30/90 x 15 cm (G2) resulted in delayed tasseling and silking.
All the yield attributes of maize viz., cob length, cob girth, seed weight per cob, hundred seed weight, were found to be the highest with IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 (I3), which was at par with IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 (I2) and all of them were found to be at their lowest with IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 (I1). Spacing of 30/90 x 20 cm has resulted in the highest stature of all the yield attributes of maize which was at par with 60 x 20 cm, while they were at the lowest with 30/90 x 15 cm and 60 x 15 cm. Interaction was found only in respect of seed weight per cob. The highest values of those parameters were obtained with the combination of highest level of irrigation along with a spacing of 30/90 x 20 cm (I3G4), while they were found at their lowest with the combination of the minimum level of irrigation along with a spacing of 60 x 15 cm (I1G1).
The maximum level of irrigation I3 (IW/CPE ratio of 1.0) resulted in the highest seed yield, which was comparable with I2 (IW/CPE ratio of 0.8). The lowest seed yield was produced with I1 (IW/CPE ratio of 0.6). Among the crop geometry practices, 30/90 x 20 cm (G4) resulted in the highest seed yield which was at par with 60 x 20 cm (G3), while they were at their lowest with 30/90 x 15 cm (G2) and 60 x 15 cm (G1) with no significant difference between them.
Stover yield was higher with the highest level of irrigation i.e, I3 (IW/CPE ratio of 1.0) which was at par with I2 (IW/CPE ratio of 0.8). The lowest stover yield was produced with I1 (IW/CPE ratio of 0.6). A spacing of 60 x 15 cm (G1) and 30/90 x 15 cm (G2) resulted in the highest stover yield, while they were at their lowest with 60 x 20 cm (G3) and 30/90 x 20 cm (G4). The interaction effect was significant and the highest stover yield was recorded with the combination of highest level of irrigation along with a spacing of 30/90 x 15 cm (I3G2), while it was found to be the lowest with the combination of the lowest level of irrigation along with a spacing of 60 X 20 cm (I1G3).
Application of the maximum level of irrigation i.e, I3 (IW/CPE ratio of 1.0) resulted in the highest harvest index which was at par with I2 (IW/CPE ratio of 0.8), while all of them were found to be at their lowest with the lowest level of irrigation i.e, I1 (IW/CPE ratio of 0.6). Among the crop geometry practices, 30/90 x 20 cm (G4) resulted in the highest harvest index which was at par with 60 x 20 cm (G3), while they were at their lowest with 30/90 x 15 cm (G2) and 60 x 15 cm (G1) with no significant difference between them.
The highest uptake of N, P and K was registered with IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 which was at par with IW/CPE ratio of 0.8, while the uptake of all the three major nutrients was the lowest with IW/CPE ratio of 0.6. Highest uptake of N, P and K was obtained with 30/90 x 20 cm (G4) which was at par with 60 x 20 cm (G3), while it was the lowest with 30/90 x 15 cm (G2) and 60 x 15 cm (G1). Interaction effect of different irrigation levels and crop geometry practices was found to be non significant.
The highest post harvest nutrient status of soil available N, P2O5 and K2O was recorded with I3 and I2 with no significant difference between them, while it was found to be the lowest with I1. As regards the crop geometry, 30/90 x 20 cm and 60 x 20 cm resulted in highest post harvest nutrient status of soil, while 30/90 x 15 cm and 60 x 15 cm leads to poor post harvest nutrient status of the soil. The interaction effect of different irrigation levels and crop geometry practices was found to be non significant.
From the one year experimentation, it may be concluded that irrigations scheduled at IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 along with 30/90 x 20 cm spacing resulted in the maximum grain yield of maize and monetary return under subsurface drip irrigation.
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Keywords
crossing over, cotton, heterosis, yields, hybrids, sowing, biological phenomena, environment, sets, planting, EFFECT VARIOUS, MOISTURE, REGIMES AND CROP, GEOMETRY, HYBRID MAIZE, SUBSURFACE DRIP, IRRIGATION
Citation
129p.