Prevalence of learning difficulties / disability among primary school children: effect on emotional problems and academic achievement
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Date
2006
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UAS, Dharwad
Abstract
An exploratory study on prevalence of learning difficulties/disability among primary
school children and its effect on emotional problems and academic achievement was carried
out in Dharwad city during the year 2004-06. A sample of 198 children (110 with learning
difficulties and 88 without learning difficulties) was drawn from 3 selected English medium
schools studying in 3rd and 4th standards. A writing test was administered to know the
learning difficulties/disability. Emotional problems were assessed through teachers’ ratings
using emotional problem scale developed by Prout and Strohmer (1985) and two semesters
grades were obtained from school records to know the academic achievement of selected
children.
Results revealed that prevalence was found to an extent of 21 per cent, among which
17 per cent of children had learning difficulties and 4 per cent had learning disability. The
learning disabilities was found in writing errors such as substitutions, reversals, omissions,
other than punctuation errors and wrong capitals etc. Boys had 2-4 times more learning
difficulties / disability than girls. The learning difficulties were due to factors such as change
in medium of instruction and number of hours spent by parents for coaching at home.
Children with learning difficulties/disability had 2-4 times more emotional problems
viz., thought disorder, verbal aggression, physical aggression distractibility, somatic concerns,
non-compliance, withdrawal, depression, low self-esteem and hyperactivity than their peers
in the other group and were low in academic achievement. Girls performed better than boys
irrespective of their difficulties and boys with learning difficulties/disability had relatively
low academic achievement indicating learning difficulties as one of the important cause of
failure in school. A high prevalence of learning difficulties/disability is an alarming condition
that needs attention and early intervention.