Physiological aspects of rice growth and development under integrated nutrient management
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Date
2013-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the world’s most important food crop and primary food source for more than two third of the world’s population. More than 90 percent of world’s rice is grown and consumed in Asia. It accounts for 35 to 60 percent of the calories consumed by 3 billion Asians. Rice is planted on about 148 million hectares annually i.e. on 11 percent of the world’s cultivated area. Fertilizers are the most important input for transformation of Indian agriculture, but, excessive use of fertilizer has negative impact on productivity of rice and soil. Both macro- and micronutrients are essential for plant growth. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc are considered as primary nutrients for the plant and if a plant does not get enough of a particular nutrient it needs, the plant shows deficiency symptoms as they are directly involved in physiology of plant growth. Zn proved to be a better mode of fertilization for the crop at all levels of application, as it allowed a balanced nutrient blend in soil and reduced the crop damage. Hence, reduced susceptibility of plant to pests may be a reflection of differences in plant health, as mediated by soil fertility management through zinc. The application of essential plant nutrients particularly macro and micronutrients in optimum quantity and right proportion through correct methods and time of application is the key to increased and sustained crop production. In past few decades, uses of chemical fertilizers have widely spread throughout the world. It is observed that fields which receive heavy application of chemical fertilizers show a decline in productivity. This decline occurs even in irrigated paddy fields. Therefore, it is important to understand fertilizer use behavior in the country and role of factors influencing fertilizer consumption.
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Thesis-PhD
Keywords
plant physiology, rice, growth rate, integrated systems, nutrients, soil fertility, zinc