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ThesisItem Open Access Therapeutic Management of Contagious Ecthyma in Goat(MAFSU, Nagpur, 2023-04-03) Tandale Siddeshwar Ramrao; Meshram, M. D.Contagious Ecthyma is an extremely infectious disease that affects young goats and it has high morbidity but less mortality. The goal of the current study, held under the heading "Therapeutic Management of Contagious Ecthyma in Goat" was to identify and treat contagious ecthyma in goats. There were fifty goats in total that exhibited clinical symptoms like scab lesions around their muzzles, lips, and nostrils as well as elevated body temperatures, anorexia, weakness and dehydration. Sample collection was done from the Beed, Satara, and Parbhani regions. Scab blood and serum specimens were collected. The overall prevalence was 36%. In the area-wise study, the highest prevalence was showed in Beed (Savleshwar) i.e., 62.5%. Out of total 50 animals, 18 were positive by PCR. The highest observed prevalence was 44.44% for kids under 4 months and 39.28% for bucks. The highest prevalence was recorded in the rainy season (78.3%). DNA extracted from 50 clinically ill animals and 18 out of those samples produced a 592bp amplicon. The results of a hematological analysis showed an increase in TLC and DLC except for lymphocytes (lymphocytopenia), while a significant decrease was observed in the TEC and hemoglobin. Biochemical analysis showed hypoproteinemia. Three groups of each of the six goats were treated with Amoxicillin, Aciclovir @ 5 mg/kg body weight plus Amoxicillin @ 5mg/kg body weight and Aciclovir at 10 mg/kg plus Amoxicillin respectively. The mortality rates for all three groups were zero; while the recovery rates in groups I, II, and III were 66.66%, 100%, and 100% respectively. As a result, it is suggested that Aciclovir at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg with Amoxicillin (@ 5mg/kg body weight) better than the other. In goats, Aciclovir was most effective in the treatment of contagious ecthyma..ThesisItem Open Access Therapeutic Management of Chlamydiosis in Goat(MAFSU, Nagpur, 2023-04-03) Kamble Mahesh Siddharth; Meshram, M. D.Chlamydiosis is a contagious disease found in goats and it is zoonotic importance. It has no outward manifestation, it goes undiagnosed in most cases. The present study entitled “Therapeutic management of Chlamydiosis in goat” was carried out for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydiosis in goats. The study was comprised of 150 animals from the flocks having a history of abortion, stillbirths, and weak kids from the Shirwal, Dahiwadi and Baramati regions of western Maharashtra. Samples included were blood and serum from these animals. Seroprevalence was evaluated using i-ELISA. Out of 150 animals 18 were found seropositive by i-ELISA and comprehensive prevalence was found 12%. The highest prevalence was found in Dahiwadi i.e. 18%. Highest prevalence was found in females (does) i.e.12.48%. Prevalence in age group of 1-2 year was the highest i.e.15.38%. Anaemia was seen in 6 (33.33 %) goats and PCV was subnormal in 6 (33.33%). Total erythrocyte count (TEC) was elevated in 3 cases (16.66%). Leukocytopenia was found in 10 (55.55%) cases. Neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia was observed in 12 goats (66.66%). Animals found positive with i-ELISA were divided into 3 groups each having 6 animals. Group I was treated with Oxytetracycline @10mg/kg which is conventionally used antibiotic, Group II was treated with Tylosin @10mg/kg and Group III was treated with Meropenem @10mg/kg the latter two were alternative antibiotics used for the treatment. Out of these 3 antibiotics used, Meropenem showed the better results in mitigation of anti-chlamydial antibodies than Tylosin and Oxytetracycline comparatively. Hence, it can be suggested that Meropenem @10 mg/kg by IV routes can be used as alternative antibiotic to treat Chlamydiosis in goats.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Antibtv Antibody Detection Platform Using Recombinant VP7 Protein(MAFSU, Nagpur, 2023-04-03) Thakare Aniket Pramodrao; Tembhurne, P. A.Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne infectious, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by the Bluetongue virus(BTV), which belongs to the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. The diagnosis of Bluetongue, is based on serological testing as well as molecular techniques. The group specific VP7 protein is important for the detection of anti-BTV antibodies. The use of recombinant VP7 in different expression system had shown its ability for the detection of BTV antibodies. Hence, the study was planned to express the BTV partial VP7 gene in prokaryotic system and use it for detection of the anti-BTV antibodies. In the present study pET-32-a-BTV-trc.-VP7 recombinant clone in BL-21(DE3) was confirmed by the PCR. The recombinant colony was then induced with 1mM IPTG at 30 °C at 220 rpm and rVP7 expression was confirmed by the 12.5% SDS-PAGE indicating the expected band of around 36 kDa as compared with pre-stained protein marker. The induced protein was extracted using freeze -thawing and sonication. The rVP7 protein was then attempted to purify using denatured condition and affinity chromatography techniques using the batch purification method. The different fractions collected during the purification were used for the SDS-PAGE analysis. The sonication and freeze -thawed methods in denaturing lysis buffer did not show any rVP7 protein in supernatant, the rVP7 was found in the pellet might be due to the inclusion bodies. As the recombinant protein was expressed but remained in the pellet, therefore further attempts were made to use the crude lysate for the detection of antibodies against BTV using the Dot-ELISA. The known hyperimmune sera against BTV and field clinical serum samples, previously confirmed to be positive and known negative serum were used for recombinant protein analysis in order to detect the antibodies with an additional step of the pre-adsorption with the Bl-21 crude lysate. The Dot-ELISA revealed that all the positive serum samples were found to be positive, whereas the Bl-21 lysate negative antigen was very faintly visible, and the positive can be easily differentiated based on the colour intensity. The four negative serum samples tested did not showed any positivity. Hence, the present study concludes that the Dot ELISA platform based on the crude lysate of rVP7 expressing clone can be used for the detection of the anti-BTV antibodies with additional steps of pre-adsorption of testing sera with crude lysate of the negative antigen ( Bl-21 E. coli cells).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Feeding Moringa Oleifera Stems on the Performance of Sahiwal Cows(MAFSU, Nagpur, 2023-11-10) Vemula Deepthi Chandra; Chahande, J. M.The present study entitled Effect of feeding Moringa oleifera stems on the Performance of Sahiwal cows was carried out at the Department of LPM, NVC Nagpur for a period of 90 days. A total of 12 animals were randomly grouped into two groups, Control (T0) and treatment (T1). The animals of T0 were fed with a regular diet and T1 20% of concentrate is replaced with Moringa stem meal. The milk, blood, biochemical parameters, and economics were studied. The proximate analysis of MSM showed the moisture content of 10.2%. The CP of 20.74%, CF of 17.5%, EE of 3.2%, NFE of 33.76% and Ash of 14.6%. The Phytochemical analysis of Moringa oleifera stems showed presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins and flavonoids The milk yield and milk composition (milk fat, SNF, protein and lactose) where recorded at fortnight interval. However, except in SNF, in all the milk parameters a significant rise was observed. The hematological study revealed that the TEC and Hb% did not differ significantly, however the TLC and PCV showed a significant difference among the groups. The biochemical analysis of serum in which serum glucose, total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, serum triglycerides, ALT and AST revealed a nonsignificant difference among the control and treatment groups. The cost of feeding and cost of production was calculated considering the cost of preparation of MSM, which revealed the cost of feeding per kg milk production in the cost of feeding per kg milk production in T0 was ₹ 18.312 and in T1 was ₹ 14.713. The profit per kg milk production was Rs 21.17 and Rs 25.28 in T0 and T1 respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Group Dynamics of Goat Based Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Vidarbha Region of Maharashtra(MAFSU, Nagpur, 2023-04-03) Waigaonkar Sanket Jagdish; Landge, S. P.The present study entitled “GROUP DYNAMICS OF GOAT BASED SELF HELP GROUPS (SHGs) IN VIDARBHA REGION OF MAHARASHTRA” was studied in the purposively selected Nagpur, Wardha, Chandrapur, Bhandara districts of Maharashtra. The present study was carried out in all four districts to study the group dynamics and socioeconomic profile of the members of SHG involved in goat rearing. With 60 goat farmers involved in goat rearing from each district, a total of 240 SHG members were studied through pretested interview schedule and observations. Group dynamics refers to a group's internal processes, including how it is formed, how it functions, and how it influences both its members and other groups. Self Help group, the meaning itself tells all about “help yourself, do yourself.” It is a group generally of 10-14 members which are having homogeneity in activity or standard of living between members formed by the participation of group members. The results showed that the majority percentage of members (66.66%) were from middle age, with an average group size of 11 members, having family size of 3-4 members from nuclear family type (67.08%) with primary education (46.25%) with an annual gross income of Rs.30000-50000/- having marginal landholding, with low herd size, medium extension contact and moderate mass media exposure (55.41%). The results showed that homogeneity in standard of living and participation of group members was likely for 47.92 per cent and 40.42 per cent SHG members respectively. The reason for joining SHG was mostly found to be early access to land and women empowerment. The studies regarding factors hindering the success of SHGs revealed that members strongly disagree with strict rules and regulations and conflicts in groups. Communication among members of SHGs was recorded as very good. Most of the members (86.25%) attended meetings regularly, monthly SHGs meetings were held during evening time for 1- 2 hours. The place of meetings was as per the convenience of the group members and most of the members get chance to speak in group meetings. The penalty for the absentee in the meetings was reported as Rs.11.31, problems of group members was found to be the major discussion in group meeting followed by discussions about the loans. Most of the members (62.92%) received financial benefits after joining SHGs. As far as decision making is concerned, majority decisions were taken democratically and were perceived as transparent. Constraints faced by beneficiaries in implementing scientific goat management practices were studied along with general, social and personal constraint. Problem in taking group decisions in general, lack of training in personal constraint, lack of mutual understanding among group members in social constraints were found to be the major constraints faced by beneficiaries. Constraints in implementing in scientific goat management practices was also recorded and it was revealed that lack of knowledge about balanced feeding in feeding constraints, lack of knowledge about prevalent common diseases in health care constraints, inadequate availability of breeding buck in breeding and middleman not providing remunerative prices in marketing constraints were the major constraints faced by SHG members in implementing scientific goat management practices. From the current study, it can be concluded SHGs are the core part for empowerment of rural women. The issues pertaining to the forming, norming and performing of the SHGs should be taken on priority for the effective management of the SHGs to ensure farmers overall growth through socioeconomic empowerment for livestock farmers in general and especially for the women involved in the goat farming.ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge Gained by Dairy Farmers Through Micro Training Centres (MTCs): A Summative Evaluation(MAFSU, Nagpur, 2023-04-03) Kamble Avinash Chandrakant; Banthiya, V. V.The present study entitled “KNOWLEDGE GAINED BY DAIRY FARMERS THROUGH MICRO TRAINING CENTRES (MTCs): A SUMMATIVE EVALUATION” was carried out in the purposively selected Nagpur, Wardha and Amravati districts of Maharashtra. Three Micro Training centres established by the Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University with the financial support of National Dairy Development Board, Gujrat were selected for studying the dairy farmers being trained through these MTCs. Randomly selected 80 dairy farmers from each MTCs were included to make the final sample of 240 respondents. A pre-tested structured interview schedule was employed in conjunction with personal interview approaches, observations, and information from study reports. The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents were from middle age group (63.75 %), with education up to secondary school (50.83%), were males (95.83%) from OBC category (56.25%), with medium family size (60.83%), having joint families (75.00%), were married (86.70%), with medium land holding (56.25%), had large herd size (87.50%), with high medium milk production (43.33%), milk sale (46.25%), were from medium annual income group (62.5%), relying on television for extension contact (68.75%), with cent percent of them attending an animal husbandry related training. Regarding the effectiveness of training it is indicated that the highest mean score was given for presentation/training imparted by the MTCs farmer (4.97) followed by Relevance of the Course (4.90), Facilities for Training (4.80), Clarity of Explanation (4.37), Training Environment (4.25), Coverage of Training Objectives (4.23) Boarding Facilities (4.20), Handling of Sessions (4.00) and the lowest mean score was for Practical Exposure (3.69). The Overall Effective Index Mean Score was (87.58) for the effectiveness on different aspects of training components. The dairy farmers attending the training at MTC, Wardha showed the maximum gain in knowledge at a mean score of 40.72 per cent followed by 38.78 per cent and 38.26 per cent for farmers trained at MTC, Nagpur and MTC, Amaravati respectively. Major constraints reported by dairy farmers were inadequate knowledge about the scientific feeding of dairy animals, high cost of vaccines and medicine, lack of good quality semen and inadequate knowledge about clean milk production.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Therapeutic Potential of Bleomycin and Catechin Combination in Animal Model of Mammary Tumor(MAFSU, Nagpur, 2023-04-03) Karhale Vitthal Sudam; Sole, S. S.Cancer is the second leading cause of fatality all over the world. Various unwanted side effects are being reported with the use of conventional chemotherapy. The plant derived bioactive compounds are the prominent alternative medicinal approach for reduction of chemotherapy associated side effects. Catechins are significant components of tea leaves and have powerful antioxidant and physiological effects. This study was carried out to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bleomycin and catechin combination in animal model of mammary tumour. In the present study, a total of 40 female Wistar rats (08 normal; 32 DMBA treated rats) were used and divided into five groups comprising of eight animals in each group namely group A (normal control), group B (positive or disease control), group C (treatment with bleomycin), group D (treatment with catechin) and group E (treatment with both catechin and bleomycin). The tumours were induced by DMBA in female Wistar rats via intragastric tube. After 45-60 days, the animals from Group B, C, D and E were showing the clinical signs of development of tumorous tissue in the abdominal and peripheral skin tissue and on the back of animals. The body weights were decreased in tumour induced groups on day 60 and on day 90 as compared to normal control group and treatment group. Among haematological parameters TLC was significantly improved in treatment groups. The serum biochemical parameters, serum estrogen levels and histopathological lesions showed significant improvement after the treatment of catechin combination with bleomycin Thus, the present data strongly suggests that the catechin has anti-tumour potentials and concludes that the mechanistic study of catechin in combination with bleomycin can further be conducted as dose rate reduction of bleomycin was significantly proved in present study in DMBA induced rats.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular Characterization of Rotaviruses from Canine, Porcine and Human(MAFSU, Nagpur, 2023-03-28) Koul Viraj; Warke, S. R.Group A rotavirus (RVA) is one of the major pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans and animals worldwide. The virus contains 11 dsRNA segments encoding six viral structural proteins (VP) and six non-structural proteins (NSP). It causes moderate to severe gastroenteritis in neonates of all species. In the present study, 50 faecal samples each were collected from pups, piglets and human infants showing clinical signs of diarrhoea from Nagpur region. Antigen detection kit revealed the overall prevalence of rotavirus infection in canines as 6% (3/50), piglets 12% (6/50) and human infants 8% (4/50), respectively. The positive samples were tested for rotavirus group A, using onestep RT-PCR specific to the VP6, VP4 and VP7. All 13 samples were found positive for VP6 gene, while three samples from human infant and one from piglet showed VP4 and VP7 genes. VP4 and VP7 gene could not be detected from any canine samples. One representative amplicon of VP6 gene, each from canine, piglets and human infants and one amplicon each of VP4 and VP7 from piglets and human infants were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. VP6 gene from human infant (H19) showcased high diversity amongst the compared sequences and may be showing defined diversity among tested sequences. Sequence from piglet (P-16) was 93.80 % homologous with other sequence from pig of Maharashtra region (Accession No. LC379954.1). The sequence from canine (C- 8) was 100% identical with a sequence from China (Accession No. OL388440.1). VP7 gene sequences from human infant (H-19) and piglet (P-16) were distantly located from each other and placed under different clusters. VP7 sequence from H-19 had 97.33 % homology with a sequence from human sample of Maharashtra (Accession no. LC377480.1). VP7 sequence of P-16 had 100 % homology with that from a pig from Maharashtra (Accession No. LC377485.1). VP4 sequence from human infant (H-19), was placed under the same cluster as that of pig (P-16). The amplified sequences showed interspecies cross relationship with more than 90 % homology. This suggests that there is not much variation among the sequences of VP4 gene of rotavirus amplified from human infant and pig in this study. The sequence of VP4 obtained from H-19 had 97.47% homology to a sequence of human sample from Maharashtra. Similarly, the sequence of P-16 had 93.80% homology to a sequence from pig from Maharashtra.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Gallic Acid and N-Acetylcysteine on Broiler Performance(MAFSU, Nagpur, 2023-03-31) Shingare Sharyu Santoshkumar; Manwar, S. J.The present experiment on “Effect of dietary supplementation of gallic acid and N- acetylcysteine on broiler performance” undertaken with an objective to evaluate effects of gallic acid (GA) and N- acetylcysteine (NAC) on performance, immune response, gut health, H/L ratio, and dressing yield in broilers. The 240 straight-run one day old chicks were distributed into four treatment groups, randomly. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 10 birds. The group T1 furnished basal diet whereas groups T2, T3, T4 groups furnished diets with 0.5g GA, 1g NAC per kg of feed and a blend of both, respectively. Dietary addition of both GA and NAC enhanced weights in broilers (P<0.05). Moreover, the combination treatment was relatively more effective. Higher feed intake was evidenced in group T4, however, FCR was found to be similar and among the groups (P>0.05). Significantly better H/L ratio is noted in the treatment groups (P<0.05). Gut health parameters in treatments did not differ compared to control group. Thus, the findings of the present experiment reveal that the dietary addition of GA and NAC may improve overall growth performance in broilers.
