EFFECT OF CROP GEOMETRY ON GROWTH AND YIELD IN DRY DIRECT SEEDED RICE (Oryza sativa L.) CULTIVARS
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Date
2015
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Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study the “Effect of plant geometry on growth and yield in dry direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars” in Kharif season of 2014 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. Five cultivars (MTU 7029, NDR 97, HR 105, HUR 4-3 and PRH 10) and three plant geometry (20 × 10, 20 × 20 and 25 × 25 cm2) were tested in three replicated split plot design assigning cultivars in main plots and plant spacing in sub plots. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture, low in available nitrogen (207.5 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (21.5 kg ha-1) and medium in available potassium (223.6 kg ha-1) having soil pH of 7.3. The experimental crop expended favorable weather conditions during the period of experimentation. The crop cultivars were fertilized with a dose of 120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 40 kg K2O and 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 while cultivar PRH 10 was fertilized with a dose of 150 kg N, 80 kg P2O5, 60 kg K2O and 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1. The crop was irrigated as per the need of crop during the period of experimentation. All other agronomic practices were adapted as per standard package of practices. The observations on important growth characters, yield attributes and yield were recorded during the period of experimentation and thus the data collected so for, were averaged and tabulated for statistical analysis. Grain yield in cultivar MTU 7029 at 25 × 25 cm2 and PRH 10 at 20 × 10 cm2 was found superior by producing yield 58.66 and 58.59 quintal per hectare, respectively. Rice hybrid PRH 10 (5582.32 q ha-1) recorded higher grain yield compared to cultivar MTU 7029 (54.89 q ha-1), HUR 105 (50.22 q ha-1), HUR 4-3 (46.12 q ha-1) and NDR 97 (33.97 q ha-1). The hybrid cultivar PRH 10 obtained better growth and yield attributing characters as compared to other cultivars. The plant spacing 25 × 25 cm2 obtained better growth and yield attributing characters as compared to 20 × 10 cm2 and 20 × 20 cm2 plant spacing. The plant geometry of 20 × 10, 20 × 20 and 25 × 25 cm2 contributed a yield of 48.95, 46.01 and 49.65 quintal per hectare. On the basis of economic analysis, hybrid rice PRH 10 planted at 20 × 10 cm2 plant geometry recorded higher net return of ì. 66389.08 per hectare. Similarly the maximum B: C ratio was obtained in cultivar MTU 7029 at wider plant spacing 25 × 25 cm2. Rice hybrid PRH 10 at 20 × 10 cm2 plant spacing recorded the maximum production efficiency in terms of net return per day per hectare as compared to other cultivar and plant spacing combination.
For higher net return and production efficiency cultivar PRH 10 at plant spacing 20 × 10 cm2 can be raised in dry direct seeded rice in Varanasi region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. However, to ascertain the findings field trial may be conducted for one more year.
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Keywords
Rice, crop geometry, growth and yield