EFFECT OF SEED COATING ON STORABILITY AND YIELD IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max. L)
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Date
2014
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ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
Abstract
Soybean is an important oilseed and pulse crop which is grown throughout
the India and World. One of the major problems encountered in soybean production
in India is lack of availability of good quality seeds at the time of planting as many
of the seed lots produced lost their viability quickly. The post maturation and
storage phases of seed encompass a series of deteriorative processes that can alter
seed performance potential. Hence, maintenance of seed quality by reducing the
rate of seed deterioration is a priority area in seed technology for which several
strategies have been devised. Seed coating especially film-coating, is one such
technique which has gained commercial importance owning to its practical utility as
an effective delivery system for seed protectant and fortifying chemicals.
Laboratory and field experiments were conducted at Department of Seed
Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during
2013 - 2014 with soybean cv. JS-335 obtained from Agricultural Research Station,
Adilabad. The seeds were coated with polymer in combination with fungicide
(thiram), insecticide (imidacloprid), bioagent (Trichoderma viride) and maintained
untreated seeds (control). After seed treatment, the seeds were sown in the field
with four replications adopting randomized block design in order to find out the
effect of seed treatments on field emergence, seed and seedling diseases and disease
incidence during different stages of crop growth, plant biometrics viz., plant height,
100 seed weight, number of pods per plant and yield per hectare under field
conditions were recorded. Treated seed of soybean cv. JS-335 were packed in cloth
bag and polythene bag (700 gauge) for assessment of seed germination, seedling
length, seedling vigour indices, moisture content, total fungal colonies, electrical
conductivity of seed leachates, protein and oil content and data were subjected to
Factorial experiment laid out in Completely Randomized Design (FCRD).
Observations on germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry
weight seedling vigour indices, moisture content, total fungal colonies, electrical
conductivity of the seed leachates, protein and oil content, field emergence index,
seedling mortality, disease incidence at different crop growth stages, plant height,
100 seed weight, no. of pods per plant and yield were recorded. Germination
percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour indices were
high in seeds treated with polymer + thiram + imidacloprid + T. viride as compared
to all other seed treatments. However, total fungal colonies, moisture content and
electrical conductivity of seed leachates were less in the seeds treated with polymer
+ thiram + imidacloprid + T. viride. Seeds packed in vapour proof container
(polythene bag) recorded better performance in extending seed longevity and in
improving the seed quality parameters of the soybean. Yield per hectare was
increased in seed treatments with polymer + thiram + imidacloprid + T. viride (18.4
q ha-1) or polymer + thiram + imidacloprid (17.78 q ha-1). The additional increase in
yield per hectare over control were 5.2, 4.58, 3.24, 4.43, 1.68 q in polymer + thitam
+ imidacloprid + T. viride (polymer @ 2 ml kg-1, thiram @ 3 ml kg-1, imidacloprid
@ 2.5 ml kg-1 and T. viride @ 10 g kg-1), polymer + thitam + imidacloprid, polymer
+ thitam, polymer + imidacloprid and polymer, respectively.
Thus it is recommended that seed treatments in soybean with polymer in
combination with fungicide, insecticide and bioagent were found effective and
beneficial to the farmers in reducing the incidence of seed borne pathogens viz.,
Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer Curvularia lunata,
Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium sps. Fusarium sps. and Colletotrichum sp. and
getting better quality seed and yield in the soybean. The yield enhancement was due
to lesser incidence of seed and seedling diseases, optimum plant stand, higher
germination, seedling vigour of soybean. It is also recommended that seed coating
with polymer, fungicide, insecticide and bioagent and stored in poythene bag (700
gauge) enhanced the seed longevity and maintain better seed quality.
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Keywords
SEED, COATING, STORABILITY, YIELD, SOYBEAN