PERFORMANCE OF CLUSTERBEAN VARIETIES AT VARIED CROP GEOMETRY

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Date
2014
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ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY. RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at College farm, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif 2013-14 to study the “Performance of clusterbean varieties at varied crop geometry” The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications to evaluate the performance of promising varieties of clusterbean (V1- RGC 1025 ,V2- HGS 365, V3- RGC 936 and V4- RGC 1017) and to standardize the crop geometry levels (S1- 30 x 7.5 cm, S2- 30 x 10 cm, S3- 37.5 x 10 cm and S4- 45 x 10 cm) under rainfed semi arid conditions of Andhra Pradesh. The weekly mean maximum and minimum temperature during crop growth period was 30.8°C and 22.0°C respectively and total rainfall received during crop growth period was 475.3 mm in 33 rainy days. Crop was sown on 26 June 2013 at varied crop geometry and each variety was harvested according to their duration as variety RGC 1025, HGS 365 were harvested at 98 DAS while RGC 936 and RGC 1017 were harvested at 90 and 105 DAS respectively, The experimental soil was sandy clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and medium in available potassium. There were no significant differences among varieties in respect of initial and final plant population of crop. The results indicated that among the four varieties tested plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area, number of branches plant-1 and crop growth rate (CGR) of RGC 1025 variety was significantly higher as compared to other varieties followed by RGC 936, HGS 365 respectively, RGC 1017 showed inferior performance regarding to growth parameters. The variety RGC 936 maintained higher relative growth rate and net assimilation rate compared to rest of the varieties. Regression coefficient (R2 = 0.7) showed positive association between different phenophases and growing degree days. Among the yield attributes, number of pods cluster-1 were higher with HGS 365 and number of clusters plant-1, pods plant-1 and test weight were higher with RGC 1025 closely followed by RGC 936 which were inturn significantly higher over HGS 365 and RGC 1017. Number of seeds pod-1 observed non significant due to varieties. Variety RGC 936 recorded earlier 50 per cent flowering and maturity followed by RGC 1025 and Similarly, Seed, stalk, gum and protein yield were significantly higher with variety RGC 1025 which was distinctly superior over other varieties and followed by RGC 936, HGS 365 and RGC 1017 respectively, However, RGC 936 found to be higher gum producing variety while protein content was higher with HGS 365. NPK content was found non significant due to varieties and crop geometry in seed and stalk but NPK uptake was significantly higher with variety RGC 1025 compared to rest of the varieties. Maximum gross returns (₹ 28407 ha-1), net returns (₹13833 ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (1.94) were obtained with high yielding variety RGC 1025 and closely followed by RGC 936 while lowest with RGC 1017. Plant population of clusterbean significantly varied with crop geometry as highest and lowest under closer crop geometry of 30 x 7.5 cm and 45 x 10 cm respectively, Clusterbean performed well under closer crop geometry i e. 30 x 7.5 cm and almost similar results were obtained under 30 x 10 cm compared to wider crop geometry 45 x10 cm regarding growth parameters like plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area and crop growth rate while higher values of relative growth rate and net assimilation rate recorded under wider crop geometry 45 x 10 cm both parameters were on peak at 45 to 70 DAS and declined towards maturity Among the geometry levels, yield attributing characters like number of pods cluster-1, clusters plant-1, pods plant-1, thousand seed weight were higher under wider crop geometry 45 x 10 cm which was significant over narrow crop geometry 30 x 7.5 cm but seed, stalk, gum, protein yield and NPK uptake was higher under narrow crop geometry 30 x 7.5 cm which was at par with 30 x 10 cm and lowest at 45 x 10 cm which was mainly due to yield compensation at narrow geometry by higher plants per unit area. Gum and protein content was found non significant due to crop geometry and interaction of varieties and crop geometry. Maximum Gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio was at closer geometry 30 x 7.5 cm and was at par with geometry level of 30 x 10 cm and lower values were obtained at wider geometry (45 x 10 cm) Interaction effect of variety RGC 1025 at geometry level 30 x 7.5 cm was higher regarding to growth parameters like plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area at all the growth stages almost similar results were obtained with RGC 936 at same level of geometry (30 x 7.5 cm). Highest number of clusters plant-1, pods plant-1 were observed with variety RGC 1025 under spacing of 30 x 10 cm and on par with RGC 936 at wider crop geometry 45 x 10 cm but only pods cluster-1 was highest with variety HGS 365 under all the crop geometries and also thousand seed weight was highest with RGC 1025 grown under spacing of 45 x10 cm all yield attributes were lower with RGC 1017 under closer spacing 30 x 7.5 cm Though, yield attributes were higher with varieties under wider crop geometry, variety RGC 1025 performed well under narrow crop geometry 30 x 7.5 cm followed by same variety (RGC 1025) at 30 x 10 cm and RGC 936 at 30 x 7.5 cm spacing regarding to seed, stalk gum, protein yields and N, P and K uptake. Interaction of gum and protein content was found to be non significant. Gross return, net returns and benefit cost ratio were higher with variety RGC 1025 variety at 30 x 7.5 cm followed by RGC 936 at same level of crop geometry. Therefore, for realizing maximum seed yield, RGC 1025 variety with closer crop geometry (30 x 7.5 or 30 x 10 cm) may be adopted in sandy loam soils in semi arid regions of Andhra Pradesh. Weather parameters (Rainfall & Temperature) had non significant positive correlation with growth, yield attributes and yield of clusterbean varieties. Plant height (0.8**), pods plant-1 (0.8**) showed significant positive correlation with pods plant-1 and seed yield.
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CLUSTERBEAN, VARIETIES, VARIED, CROP, GEOMETRY
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