GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN HYBRID RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
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Date
2013
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ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD
ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN HYBRID RICE (Oryza sativa L.)” was undertaken to
study the combining ability, heterosis and stability of experimental hybrids for yield and
yield attributing characters and to evaluate grain quality characters of the hybrids.
Based on the pedigree records 20 parents (14 identified restorer lines and six CMS
lines) were selected which were having ideal characters of restorer and CMS lines, in
addition to yield. The selected 14 restorer lines were crossed with six male sterile lines in
line x tester mating design during kharif, 2009. The resulting 84 F1 hybrids along with 20
parents and six checks including three hybrid checks (DRRH-2, PA 6201 and KRH 2) and
three varietal checks (Annada, IR 64 and Jaya) were sown during rabi, 2009-2010 at three
different locations situated at three different agro-climatic regions of Andhra Pradesh viz.,
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kunaram for Northern Telangana Zone, Regional
Agricultural Research Station, Warangal for Central Telangana Zone and Regional
Agricultural Research Station, Kampasagar for Southern Telangana Zone for studying
combining ability, heterosis and stability.
The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences due to environments
for all the characters indicating significant diversity among the environments. The mean sum
of squares due to parents and crosses were significant for all the characters indicating the
wider variability among the parents used and hybrids developed. Comparison of parents vs.
crosses recorded significant for all the characters indicating presence of heterosis. Variances
due to lines and testers were significant for most of the characters and interactions of lines x
tester, parents x locations, (parents vs. crosses) x locations, crosses x locations, lines x
locations, testers x locations and line x testers x locations were significant for most of the
yield contributing traits. This indicates the existence of wide variability in the material under
study and there is a good scope for identifying promising parents and hybrid combinations
and improving the yield through yield contributing characters.
For the character grain yield per plant, line IR-68897A recorded significant positive
gca effects at three locations and in pooled analysis and the line IR-79156A recorded
significant gca effects at Warangal, Kunaram and in pooled analysis. The line IR-79128A
recorded significant negative gca effects at all three locations and in pooled analysis and the
line IR-58025A recorded significant negative gca effects at Kunaram, Kampasagar and in
pooled analysis.
Among the testers, R-17, R-53 and R-56 recorded significant positive gca effects at
all three locations and in pooled analysis. The testers, R-24, R-27, R-31, R-35 and R-36
recorded significant gca effects in any of the two locations out of three locations and in
pooled analysis. The testers R-21 and R-25 recorded significant negative gca effects at all
three locations and in pooled analysis. The testers R-7, R-32 and R-34 recorded significant
gca effects in any of the two locations out of three locations and in pooled analysis.
Among 84 hybrids evaluated, 18 hybrids at Warangal, 22 hybrids at Kunaram, 22
hybrids at Kampasagar and 23 hybrids at pooled analysis recorded significant positive sca
effects. The hybrids IR-58025A x R-53, IR-79128A x R-19, IR-79128A x R-56, IR-80555A
x R-35 and IR-80555A x R-36 recorded significant positive sca effects at all three locations
and in pooled analysis,
In pooled analysis, the hybrids exhibited a range of average heterosis and
heterobeltiosis from -15.38 (IR-58025A x R-7) to 87.56 (IR-80555A x R-36) and -24.35
(IR-58025A x R-7) to 87.53 (IR-80555A x R-36), respectively and 52 hybrids recorded
significant positive heterobeltiosis. Standard heterosis over PA-6201 and KRH-2 ranged
from -32.54 (IR-80155A x R-21) to 31.89 (IR-79128A x R-56) and -38.29 (IR-80155A x R-
21) to 20.67 (IR-79128A x R-56) respectively. 28 and 13 hybrids recorded significant
positive heterosis over PA-6201 and KRH-2.
Among hybrids, only one hybrid IR-79156A X R-36 (22.67g) possessed
significantly higher grain yield than the best check KRH-2 (20.69g) and recorded nearer to
unit bi value, hence it is considered to be ideal and highly adaptable hybrid having average
stability and expected to perform well in all the environments. Eleven hybrids recorded
significantly higher or on par yields and regression coefficient of more than one and hence
are adaptable for favourable environments. The hybrids, IR-79128A X R-56 (24.97g), IR-
80555A X R-35 (23.91g), IR-79128A X R-17 (23.46g), IR-68897A X R-53 (22.42g) and
IR-80155A X R-19 (21.77g) recorded bi values of less than one and considered to be
adaptable to poor environments.
Based on grain quality analysis of hybrids, five hybrids viz., IR 68897A x R56, IR
79156A x R53, IR 80555A x R19, IR 80155A x R53 and IR 80555A x R36 were identified
as good grain quality hybrids with high per se performance and high heterosis for grain yield
per plant.
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Keywords
GENETIC, ANALYSIS, YIELD, CONTRIBUTING, CHARACTERS, HYBRID, RICE