STUDY OF GENE EFFECTS FOR YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)
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Date
2004
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ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Study of gene effects for yield and its
contributing traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)” was conducted at
Agricultural College Farm, Hyderabad. The experimental material consisted of
four crosses (viz., Cross 1 : ARM 243 x RHA 6D-1; Cross 2 : ARM 245 x RHA
6D-1; Cross 3 : ARM 245 x P-356 R; Cross 4 : CMS 234 B x RHA 6D-1) with
six generations (i.e. P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) per each cross. They are sown in
compact family block design with three replications. Data were recorded for
seed yield and thirteen other characters. The analysis was carried out for
generation means, correlation and path coefficient analysis.
The basic requirement in adopting a suitable breeding method is a sound
understanding of the genetic behaviour. The success in development of
genotypes with desired characters depends on the knowledge of genetic
architecture of the characters and their behaviour in different genetic
background. Several biometrical procedures are available for obtaining geneeffects
of which Genetic Mean Analysis approach is simple which can provide
preliminary notation on genetic components of means.
In cross 1 (ARM 243 x RHA 6D-1), mainly additive (d) gene effects
were controlling the characters like number of filled seeds, seed filling
percentage, leaf area and seed yield. Hence we should go for simple recurrent
selection for improvement of these traits. While dominance (h) was important
for kernel hull ratio, number of leaves, dry matter, days to 50 per cent flowering
and chlorophyll content. The epistasis cannot be ignored for traits like plant
height, head diameter, number of unfilled seeds, 100 seed weight and leaf area.
Hence, it is difficult to improved these traits by simple selection and they can be
fixed through heterosis breeding.
The cross 2 (ARM 245 x RHA 6D-1) gives an evidence that all the
characters are governed by dominance (h) gene effects except for plant height.
The epistasis is important for plant height.
Dominance (h) and epistasis showed preponderance with most of the
yield attributing traits for cross 3 (ARM 245 x P 356 R). The dominance (h)
gene effect was of higher magnitude for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to
maturity, number of unfilled seeds and seed yield while epistasis played a major
role for plant height, number of filled seeds, seed filling percentage, number of
leaves, leaf area, dry matter and chlorophyll content.
In cross 4 (CMS 234 B x RHA 6D-1), most of the traits were governed
by dominance (h) except for 100 seed weight, number of leaves and chlorophyll
meter reading in which epistasis gained importance.
The present investigation suggested significant contribution of non
fixable gene effects in the inheritance of various quantitative characters.
Heterosis breeding could be the most effective for improvement of these traits
in the above crosses of sunflower.
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Keywords
STUDY, GENE, EFFECTS, YIELD, CONTRIBUTING, TRAITS, SUNFLOWER,