EFFECT OF SEWAGE AND EFFLUENT WATER ON PARAGRASS IN MUSI RIVER BED - PROBLEM ANALYSIS USING GIS TOOLS
Loading...
Files
Date
2006
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
Abstract
The present study titled “Effect of sewage and effluent water on paragrass
in Musi river bed - problem analysis using GIS tools” was undertaken to assess
the impact of disposed sewage on water, soil and uptake of pollutants and heavy
metals by paragrass.
Soil, water and paragrass samples were collected from eleven locations
from the Musi river bed and analysed for physico-chemical and chemical
characteristics viz., micronutrients and heavy metals. Sample points include
Sangam, Attapur, Karvan, Jiyaguda, Puranapul, City college, Afzalgunj, Imliban
Bus stop, Chadarghat, Amberpet and Uppal. The location data from where
samples were collected and the results of the sample analysis were spatially
interpreted using GIS tools.
The sewage water was neutral to slightly alkaline with pH ranging from
6.11 to 7.62. Soils studied were slightly alkaline in reaction with pH ranging
from 7.05 to 7.84. Electrical conductivity ranged from 1.36 to 1.74 dS m-1 and
0.25 to 1.56 dS m-1 in sewage water and soils, respectively. Though the pH of the
water was within the permissible range for irrigation purpose its EC values
indicate that the water belonged to C3 category and could be used for irrigation
with restrictions.
Nutrient status was assessed with respect to micro nutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe,
Mn) and heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr). Zn content in sewage water was below
EFFECT OF SEWAGE AND EFFLUENT
WATER ON PARAGRASS IN MUSI RIVER BED
- PROBLEM ANALYSIS USING GIS TOOLS
the detectable limit at all the locations. Soil samples analysed for Zn showed
concentrations above permissible limits in nine locations. Four of these locations
showed higher Zn values i.e., above permissible limits in paragrass. The sewage
water and soil samples contained mean Cu contents of 1.19 mg l-1 and 32.94 mg
l-1 which were higher than the permissible limits. The high values of Cu were
also reflected in plant samples as the paragrass was irrigated with the same Musi
water. Mean Fe content in sewage water soil and paragrass collected from eleven
locations were 1.42, 11.96 and 328.14 mg l-1 respectively. Fe content of the
samples was above the permissible limit and these values were spatially
represented on map (Fig.4). Mn content in sewage water, soil and paragrass were
1.5, 21.61 and 203.49 mg l-1. The values recorded were above the permissible
limits.
Four heavy metals Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr were estimated in the collected
samples. Pb contents of sewage water, soils and paragrass were 0.27, 6.14 and
60.33 mg l-1 respectively. Pb contents in sewage water were above the
recommended level (0.05 mg l-1) for use of sewage water for irrigation. The lead
content was high at the upstream locations i.e., from Sangham to Puranapul both
in water and soil. However, it was high in paragrass at all locations, indicating its
potential extraction of Pb from polluted soils when soil Pb was more than
1.86 mg l-1. Ni content recorded in sewage water was above the permissible limit
at only two locations. However, it was above the permissible limit in soil and
paragrass at nine locations. Mean Cd contents in sewage water (0.02 mg l-1), soil
(0.65 mg l-1) and paragrass (3.93 mg l-1) in all the locations studied were above
the normal average values of 0.005, 0.1 and 3.2 mg l-1, respectively. Cadmium in
water was relatively high at upstream location over others reflecting the same
trend in associated soils. Irrespective of this, paragrass recorded higher values
wherever soil cadmium was more than 0.01 mg l-1 indicating as potential
extraction of the element. Cr was not detected in water samples. Soil samples
from eight locations and all paragrass samples contained Cr above permissible
limit (Table 11).
In general, Karvan and Jiyaguda were found to be the most polluted
locations studied.
The dissolved salt content of the Musi river water indicated that it can be
used for irrigation with restrictions. Nutrient concentration in most of the
locations studied was above the permissible limit which predisposes the sewage
water and soil for biomagnification in the cultivated paragrass samples. Paragrass
can be used as a component of phytoremediation of soils polluted with lead and
cadmium. The sewage water from drains needs to be treated in sewage plants and
then let out into the river for use.
Description
Keywords
EFFECT, SEWAGE, EFFLUENT, WATER, PARAGRASS, MUSI, RIVER, BED, PROBLEM, ANALYSIS, USING, GIS, TOOLS