EFFECT OF SULPHUR ON THE PATTERN OF SEED DEVELOPMENT AND OIL ACCUMULATION IN SESAME (Sasamum indicum L.)

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Date
1989
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ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD.
Abstract
A field experimant was conducted during rabi1988-89 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla using three factor mixed factorial design to study the sulphur nutrlition and its effect on the pattern of seed development and ail accumulation in sesame cvs. Gouri and Madhavi. The sampling was dane starting from 5 days after anthesis(OAA> and at three day interval. Sulphur application significantly increased the chlorophyll content af leaves, podding efficiency and seed yield besides improving retention of more number of flowers on the plant. The cv.Gouri produced significantly higher yields besides retaining mare number of flowers. Sulphur application had no significant effect on seed gr•de index eMcept that of ma1n shoots. High density seads(HOSl were assessed to be about 0.05 to 1.04 percent only among the different treatments. Sulphur nutrition significantly increased the drymattar( DM )of capsules and seeds of sesame which resulted in increasing the test weight and seed number. A steap accumulation of OM in capsules was observed at early stages which reached the maximum at 33 DAA, while in seeds it was initiated after 11 DAA and reached its maximum by 32 DAA. The initial higher nu~bar of seed declined to a sta~diness by 14 DAA but var1ad inconsistently thereafter. The cv.Gouri was assessed to be mara efficient in re$pect of accumulation of DM in capsule, seed and test weight than cv.Madhavi except in seed number. The concentration of total water soluble sugars and soluble protein of the saad significantly increased by S nutrition. The maximum accumulation of soluble sugars was at B DAA but decreased to a minimum at 23 DAA followed by a further rise towards harvest. Tha soluble protein progressively accumulated to its maximum at harvest. The content of soluble sugars exhibited an inverse relation with oil content. The cv.Souri was found superior to cv. Madhavi with regards to the content of these metabolites. The cv. Madhavi, however, recorded higher meed oil content than cv. Gouri besides more responsiveness to S application, Oil accumulation was initiated at 5 DAA and reached 1ts peak within 24 day& followed by its decline tow•rds harvest. The pattern of oil accumulation was almost alike in both the cultivars whsther or not S was appl1ed. The tissue concentration and uptake of organic nitrogen, Phosphorus, potassium and sulphur by discrete plant parts as well as whole plant was enhanced significantly due to S application particularly by cv.Gouri. Tha seeds in general accumulated relatively mora of N and P as stems did more for K and s. While S application reduced tha NtS rat1o of all plant parts. In the present studies, the analysis of character to character association indicated that seed number, soluble protein, organic P and S concentration of whole plant were positively and significantly correlated with the aead ail content The af sesame cultivars. tracing af peth af certain traits suggested that the seed weight, seed number, organic K concentration of seed and P and S concentration af the whale plant had a positive direct effect an tha seed oil content of sesame seed. The concentration of soluble sugars and proteins, however, showed direct suppressive effect an the seed oil content.
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Keywords
EFFECT, SULPHUR, PATTERN, SEED, DEVELOPMENT, OIL, ACCUMULATION, SESAME
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