Heterosis and Combining ability in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
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Date
2005
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ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out during Kharif 2004-05 at Regional
Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur with seven lines, six testers and their 42 F1s
derived through line tester design in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) to study the genetic
variability, heritability, genetic advance as per cent of mean, character association, the
magnitude of direct and indirect effects of yield component traits with yield through path
coefficient analysis, gene action governing the inheritance of the traits through
combining ability and heterosis. The data was recorded on 18 characters viz., days to
50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of
secondary branches per plant, plant spread (cm), days to fruit ripening, number of fruits
per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), fruit weight (g), 100-pod weight (g), 1000-
seed weight (g), number of seeds per fruit, fresh fruit yield per plant (g), dry pod yield
per plant (g), capsaicin (%), oleoresins (%), capsanthin (EOA values).
The genetic variability studies indicated that material in the present investigation
possessed variability which provides sufficient basis for selection by breeder. High
heritability assisted with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for
number of fruits per plant, fruit length, 100-pod weight, number of seeds per fruit,
capsaicin and capsanthin. The characters viz., plant height, number of primary and
secondary branches per plant, plant spread, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit
length, fresh fruit yield per plant, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per fruit,
capsaicin, capsanthin and oleoresins showed positive significant association with dry
pod yield per plant. Significant and positive inter-se correlations were also recorded
among these characters, which indicates that fruit yield per plant was a totality of these
characters. Simultaneously selection of these characters must be adopted to achieve
substantial improvement in yield.
The characters viz., plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary
branches per plant, plant spread, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and oleoresins
exhibited positive direct effects on dry pod yield per plant.
The higher estimates of dominance variances as compared to additive variances
for the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, primary branches per plant, plant
spread, days to fruit ripening, 1000-seed weight, fresh fruit and dry pod yield per plant
was probably due to predominance of non-additive gene action suggesting the scope of
improvement in these traits through heterosis breeding.
The female parents LCA 353, LCA 334(E) and the pollen parents LCA 424 and
Pusa jwala are having high per se performance with good general combining ability and
possess favourable alleles for dry pod yield per plant and other yield components viz.,
primary and secondary branches per plant, plant spread, days to fruit ripening, number
of fruits per plant, fruit length, 100-pod weight, number of seeds per fruit, fresh fruit yield
per plant including quality characters capsaicin, capsanthin and oleoresins.
The magnitude and direction of heterosis varied from character to character over
both mid and better parents. The potential crosses like V local LCA 315 (Low Low),
G4 Aparna (Low Low), LCA 334 (E) Pusa Jwala ( High High), G5 LCA 333
(Low Low), LCA 334 (D) LCA 357 (Low Low), LCA 353 LCA 333 (High Low)
exhibited high heterosis, significant sca effects and high per se performance for dry pod
yield per plant which offer scope for commercial exploitation through heterosis breeding.
Performance of these potential hybrids, however, needs to be studied over locations
and seasons for stability before commercial exploitation. Thus, breeding for pure lines
and hybrids may possibly be integrated into one programme as heterotic hybrids are
reported to produce superior homozygous lines through conventional breeding
methods.
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Keywords
Heterosis, Combining, ability, chilli