MOLECULAR AND AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GERMPLASM ACCESSION BASED ON GRAIN LENGTH
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Date
2016
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Indirra Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops grown worldwide. It is the staple food for half of the world’s population. It is one of the very few crop species endowed with rich genetic diversity which account over 100,000 landraces and improved cultivars. Agro-morphological and molecular characterization of germplasm variety is fundamental in order to provide information for plant breeding programs. The landraces are valuable as they possess a huge treasure of genetic material which may prove valuable in future crop development and improvement programs. Grain length, width and thickness are important factors relating to not only grain yield but also grain quality in rice. So keeping these points in view, the present study was conducted with the objective of characterization of accessions based on DUS descriptors and DNA profiling using SSR and ISSR markers at Research cum Instructional farm, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.), Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and R. H. Richhariya research laboratory, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.) with 24 short and 24 long grain rice accessions in randomized block design (RBD) during Kharif 2015. The data was statistically analyzed to calculate various descriptive statistics and to perform Correlation analysis, Path coefficient, principal component analysis (PCA) and the un- weighted variable pair group method of the average linkage cluster analysis (UPGMA) between 33 yield and other yield attributing traits.
All considered morphological and quality descriptors showed remarkable differences in their distribution and amount of variations within them. The analysis of variance indicated existence of considerable amount of variability for all observed characters. The high amount of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation with high heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean was observed for thousand grain weight followed by grain length, decorticated grain length, length of milled grain, length of cooked kernel and elongation index.
Nagbel is the prominent germplasm accession which is having good quality character namely grain length, thousand grain weight, decorticated grain length, length of milled grain along with grain yield and harvest index. Thus, this accession can be taken as a donor parent in crossing program to improve/enhance these traits.
The result of correlation and path analysis revealed that the traits such as biological yield, stem thickness, plant height, panicle per plant, time of maturity and decorticated grain length had significant positive correlation with grain yield as well as positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. Positive direct effect on grain yield as well as significant positive correlation with grain yield indicates true relationship between them and direct selection for these traits will be rewarding for yield improvement. PCA showed the contribution of each character to the classification of the rice accessions. The first four principal components explained about 63.74% of the total variation among the 33 characters. The results of PCA suggested that characters such as plant height, thousand grain weight, grain length, decorticated grain length, length of milled grain and length of cooked kernel were the principal discriminatory characteristics of short and long grain accessions of rice. On the basis of PC score it is cleared that Nagbel is the best accession for both quality and yield traits followed by Khatriya Pati , Anjania and Banreg. Ten cluster groups were obtained from the 33 yield and quality characters using multivariate analysis. The pattern of constellation proved the existence of significant amount of variability. Cluster VII constituted of 16 accessions, forming the largest cluster. Since, the inter cluster distance between cluster IX (Safri) and cluster X (Nagbel) is quite large therefore, they can be use to obtain higher variability and heterotic effects.
A total of 59 SSR and 10 ISSR markers (primers) were used covering all the 12 chromosomes of rice. A total of 199 and 46 alleles with an average of 3.37 and 2.9 alleles per locus were detected by SSR and ISSR markers, respectively. Out of which 53 SSR and 8 ISSR markers showed polymorphism. Genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.21-0.93 and 0.52-1.00 as revealed by UPGMA cluster analysis of SSR and ISSR marker, respectively. Forty-eight accessions were grouped into three major clusters having 22, 20 and 6 genotypes in SSR analysis while two major clusters were formed in ISSR marker having 24 genotypes in each cluster.
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Keywords
Rice, grain length, molecular marker, ##Unable to generate tags tnv_pt_93004.pdf
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242p.