Study on morphological and biochemical variations and hybrid breeding in ash gourd [Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.]
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Date
2008-06
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken consisted of three experiments: (I) evaluation of twenty-three germplasm lines of ash gourd for genetic variability and correlation studies, (II) determination of combining ability, components of genetic variation and heterosis in a half diallel cross involving six parental lines (PAG-10, PAG-12, PAG-16, PAG-41, PAG-60 and PAG-65).Pant Petha-1 was used as a standard check and (III) sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of seed protein for detecting variation in protein banding pattern at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (U.S. Nagar), Uttarakhand, India. Evaluation of twenty-three germplasm lines was done over two seasons viz., summer 2006 and kharif 2006 and six parental lines and their 15 F1 hybrids during summer 2007. The experiments were laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) using three replications. The traits under study were main vine length (m), number of primary branches, days to first male flower anthesis, node number to first male flower, days to first female flower anthesis, node number to first female flower, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), seed cavity length (cm), seed cavity diameter (cm), flesh thickness (cm), number of seeds per fruit (not recorded in half diallel cross), fruit weight (kg), number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant (kg), fruit shape, stem end fruit shape, bottom end fruit shape, fruit colour and flesh colour.
There was sufficient variability among the germplasm lines for all the traits studied. PAG-50, Pant Petha-1, PAG-64, PAG-12, PAG-14 and PAG-09 were the high yielding germplasm lines. High genetic variability and heritability accompanied with high genetic advance was estimated for number of fruits per plant and yield per plant. The traits like, number of primary branches, flesh thickness, fruit weight and number of fruits per plant were significantly and positively correlated with yield per plant. The genotypic difference due to parents, F1s and parents vs F1s were highly significant for all the characters except main vine length (parents) and node number to first male and female flower (parents vs F1s). The GCA and SCA mean squares were highly significant for all the characters. The SCA mean squares were larger in magnitude than GCA mean squares except node number to first male and female flower, seed cavity diameter and number of fruits per plant. The two parental lines namely, PAG-16 and PAG-12 were the superior lines based on their GCA, mean performance and their contribution to give better heterotic combinations as compared to other parental lines. The component of genetic variances indicated the dominant role of non-additive gene action for most of the characters. . The crosses PAG-12×PAG-65, PAG-16×PAG-41 and PAG-12×PAG-16 were found to be best heterotic combinations along with best SCA effects for most of the economic traits and are worth exploiting on commercial scale. These crosses yielded 36.87 kg, 34.68 kg and 33.45 kg per plant, respectively as compared to 23.48 kg per plant of standard check Pant Petha-1. The seed protein profile of twenty-four germplasm revealed total of thirteen protein bands. The PAG-50 was found the most diverse germplasm line on the basis of seed protein profile. Amongst the diallel progeny, seed protein profile with total of eleven bands was obtained. Moreover, the higher similarity among diallel progeny as compared to that of different germplasms, indicates the closer relationship among diallel progeny.
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Thesis-PhD
Keywords
plant morphology, biochemistry, hybrids, hybridization, Gourd, Ash, Benincasa hispida, Horticulture, genetic variation, correlation, SDS-Page, electrophoresis