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  • ThesisItemUnknown
    EFFECT OF NANO SCALE NUTRIENTS ON GROWTH, FLOWER YIELD AND VASE LIFE OF GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker F.) GROWN UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, ANANTHARAJUPETA, Y.S.R KADAPA DISTRICT, -516 105, ANDHRA PRADESH, 2021-03-15) A. DEVI PRIYA; Dr. K.Swarajya Lakshmi
    The present investigation “Effect of nano scale nutrients on growth, flower yield and vase life of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker F.) grown under polyhouse conditions” was conducted during the period from November 2018 to September 2020 at College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R Horticultural University, Anantharajupeta, Y.S.R District of Andhra Pradesh. Experiment-I was laid out in Completely Randomized Design CRD with three replications and nine treatments (T1: Nano ZnO @ 100 ppm, T2: Nano ZnO @ 150 ppm, T3 : Nano ZnO @ 200 ppm, T4: Nano ZnO @ 300 ppm, T5: Nano FeO @ 100 ppm, T6: Nano FeO @ 150 ppm, T7: Nano FeO @ 200 ppm,T8: Nano FeO @ 300 ppm and T9: Control (water spray)). Among different concentrations of nano ZnO used, ZnO @ 300 ppm recorded maximum plant height (36.85 cm) number of leaves plant-1 (24.60), leaf length (27.51 cm), leaf width (12.53 cm), leaf area (276.00 cm 2 ), plant spread (36.20 cm), flower stalk length (58.40 cm), stalk diameter (7.79 mm), neck diameter (5.80 mm), flower head diameter (11.90 cm), flower disc diameter (2.70 cm) and number of flowers plant-1 (18.40) whereas ZnO @ 200 ppm took minimum number of days for flower bud initiation (47.07 days), number of days taken for bud burst (52.00 days) and days taken taken to reach marketable stage from bud burst (5.80 days). Among different concentrations of nano FeO applied, FeO @ 300 ppm has significantly increased plant height (35.55 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (22.43), leaf length (26.98 cm), leaf width (12.20 cm), leaf area (263.81 cm 2 ) and plant spread (33.37 cm), maximum flower stalk length (56.97), stalk diameter (7.57), neck diameter (5.63), flower head diameter (11.73), flower disc diameter (2.40) and number of flowers plant-1 (17.97) and also took lesser number of days for flower bud initiation (49.07 days), number of days taken for bud burst (53.93 days) and days taken taken to reach marketable stage from bud burst (6.07 days). Experiment-II was carried out to study the effect of nano and conventional forms of zinc conditions. and iron and their combined effect on growth, yield and quality of Author : A. DEVI PRIYA Title of thesis : Effect of nano scale nutrients on growth, flower yield and vase life of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker F.) grown under polyhouse gerbera in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications and 12 treatments (T1: ZnO @ 300 ppm, T2: ZnO @ 200 ppm, T3: FeO @ 300 ppm, T4: FeO @ 200 ppm, T5: FeSO4 @ 0.2%, T6: ZnSO4 @ 0.2%, T7: ZnO @ 300 ppm + FeO @ 300 ppm, T8: ZnO @ 300 ppm + FeO @ 200 ppm, T9: ZnO @ 200 ppm + FeO @ 300 ppm, T10: ZnO @ 200 ppm + FeO @ 200 ppm, T11: ZnSO4 @ 0.2% + FeSO4 @ 0.2%, T12: control (Water spray)). Among all the treatments T8 (ZnO @ 300 ppm + FeO @ 200 ppm) recorded maximum plant height (47.15 cm) number of leaves plant-1 (41.43), leaf length (34.32 cm), leaf width (14.09 cm), leaf area (386.58 cm 2 ), plant spread (50.78 cm), number of suckers plant-1 (7.15), flower stalk length (65.47 cm), stalk diameter (7.63 mm), neck diameter (5.90 mm), flower head diameter (12.97 cm), flower disc diameter (2.64 cm), length of ray floret (5.46 cm), width of ray floret (1.08 cm) and also number of flowers produced plant-1 (66.27), number of flowers m -2 (397.64), number of flowers hectare-1 (39.76 lakhs) and net returns (lakh Rs. 84.82 ha-1 ) with higher B:C ratio (1:3.33) upto 360 DAP. The number of days taken to flower bud initiation, bud burst, and days to reach marketable stage from bud burst (44.38 days, 49.41 days and 6.00 days respectively) was found to be early in T9 (ZnO @ 200 ppm + FeO @ 300 ppm). Maximum chlorophyll (1.69 mg g-1 FW) and carotenoid (8.84 mg 100 g-1 ) content was recorded in T9 (ZnO @ 200 ppm + FeO @ 300 ppm). The available N (4.97%), P (1.17 %) K (5.40 %), Zn (119.50 %) and Cu (36.17 %) content of gerbera leaf were recorded highest with foliar application of T8 (ZnO @ 300 ppm + FeO @ 200 ppm) at 360 DAP. The highest B (68.19 ppm) and Mn (131.60 ppm) content was recorded in T9 (ZnO @ 200 ppm + FeO @ 300 ppm whereas Fe content (356.67 ppm) was found to be highest in T7 (ZnO @ 300 ppm + FeO @ 200 ppm) at 360 DAP. Experiment-III was carried out with three replications and 12 treatments (T1: Deionized water, T2: Sucrose@ 2%, T3: Sucrose@ 4%, T4: Silver nitrate@ 20 ppm, T5: Silver nitrate@ 20 ppm+ Sucrose@ 2%, T6: Silver nitrate@ 20 ppm+ Sucrose@ 4%, T7: Nano silver particles @5 ppm, T8: Nano silver particles @10 ppm, T9: Nano silver particles @5 ppm + sucrose 2%, T10: Nano silver particles @5 ppm + sucrose 4%, T11: Nano silver particles @10 ppm + sucrose 2%, T12: Nano silver particles @10 ppm + sucrose 4%). Among different treatments, (T11) 10 ppm nano silver + sucrose 2% recorded maximum fresh weight of flower (20.08 g), water uptake (8.78 g), TLW (8.63 g), water balance (1.54 g) and vase life (19.77 days).
  • ThesisItemUnknown
    EFFECT OF BIOREGULATORS, ANTITRANSPIRANTS AND SOIL CONDITIONERS ON GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) IN ANDHRA PRADESH
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, WEST GODAVARI-534101, 2021-01-08) NISSI FLORA GODI; J.Dilip Babu
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of bioregulators, antitranspirants and soil conditioners on growth, yield and quality of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis. (L) Osbeck) in Andhra Pradesh” was conducted at citrus research station, Tirupati in Chitoor district and in a farmer’s field in Railway Kodur of Kadapa district during 2018-19 with an aim to increase yield in ambe bahar crop as the changing climate in Andhra Pradesh delays the flowering to February-March instead of December-January under a set of three experiments. The fruits from the above experiment were also evaluated for storage life under ambient conditions on every fourth day for sixteen days from the date of harvest. The first experiment comprises of bioregulators viz., 2,4-D and GA3 along with nutrients like monopotassium phosphate and urea. A novel organic product waste decomposer was also included and all these were compared against farmers practice of spraying urea 1 % + Multi K (Potassium Nitrate) 1 % @ 10 g/l one month after fruit set. Monopotassium phosphate @ 1.5 % + GA3 @ 10 ppm which was sprayed one month before harvest was found to be best for physiological parameters, photosynthetic index, fruit parameters and ascorbic acid. There was no significant difference among the treatments for growth characters. Rind thickness was minimum in fruits from the plants treated with urea @ 1.5 % + GA3 10 ppm one month before harvest. Juice percent was best in urea @ 1 % + 2,4-D @ 10 ppm one month after fruit set. Minimum fruit drop was noticed in trees treated with urea @ 1.5 % + 2,4-D @ 10 ppm one month before harvest. Spraying monopotassium phosphate @ 1 % + 2,4-D @ 10 ppm month after fruit set yielded best quality fruits. Spraying waste decomposer @ 200 l/acre before flowering has improved sweetness index. 2,4-D along with nutrients which was sprayed one month before harvest has enhanced the biochemical characters of the fruits and shelf life at ambient temperature for 16 days. The second experiment involves the spray of antitranspirants like cycocel, salicylic acid, kaolin and liquid paraffin at different concentrations to know their effect against drought stress on growth, yield, quality and especially to control sunburn of citrus fruits. Spraying was done on every fortnightly interval during the dry spell of fruit development i.e. start of summer till onset of rains. The results indicated that, spraying of liquid paraffin @ 1% or 2%, were proved to be best for almost all the parameters like physiological, photosynthetic index, fruit characters, biochemical and this reduced fruit drop and sunburn on fruits due to extreme sunlight. Pre harvest spraying of liquid paraffin @ 1 % has given best results for post harvest quality under ambient conditions. The fruits started spoiling after 8 days of harvest which may be due to regular and frequent spraying of chemicals on fruits which decreased the shelf life of fruits. The third experiment consists of soil conditioners viz., ZEBA hydrogel, pusa hydrogel which were compared over different organic mulches like coconut husk and ground nut husk and inorganic mulch like black polythene to know their effect on fruit growth, yield and quality. Treatments were applied at 70 % evaporation rate of irrigation schedule in the location where soil moisture content was (32.66 %) to (36.66 %) and bulk density (0.71) to (0.79). The results clearly indicated that, ZEBA hydrogel @ 7.5 kg/acre (70 g/plant) followed by Pusa hydrogel @ 2 kg/acre (20 g/plant) over mulching has practically increased water absorption capacity to (68.05 %) and (67.87 %) respectively. The hydrogel addition improved the soil physical characters, physiological character of trees, growth parameters, fruit characters, biochemical characters and post harvest quality of sweet orange.
  • ThesisItemUnknown
    EFFECT OF ROOTING MEDIA AND IBA CONCENTRATIONS ON ROOTING OF TERMINAL CUTTINGS IN ACID LIME (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cv. BALAJI
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, W.G. Dist. – 534 101 ANDHRA PRADESH, 2020-01-10) INDLA AKHIL BABU; Dr. D. SRIHARI
    The present investigation on “Effect of rooting media and IBA concentrations on rooting of terminal cuttings in acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cv. Balaji” was carried out during the period from October, 2018 to March, 2019. This trial was conducted in a mist chamber maintained by the farmers at Kadiyadda village, Tadepalligudem mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh with an objective of finding out the best type of rooting medium and best treatment of IBA for successful propagation. The terminal cuttings were planted in four types of media viz., coco peat, vermiculite, saw dust and vermicompost and treated with IBA at four concentrations i.e., water (Control), 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm. The experiment was conducted in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with the above two factors at unequal levels and replicated twice. The study revealed significant differences among rooting media, IBA treatments and their interactions for different root and shoot parameters. Among the four different rooting media, coco peat had performed the best; among the five different IBA treatments, the one at 1000 ppm powder dip method was found best; whereas the combination of these two was observed to be superior among the interactions in respect of different root, shoot parameters and biochemical parameters. The root parameters were significantly influenced by main treatment factors as well as their interactions from 30 days after planting onwards. At 120 DAP, number of roots cutting-1, length of the longest root cutting-1, fresh weight of roots cutting-1 and dry weight of roots cutting-1 were found maximum in those terminal cuttings planted in coco peat and treated with IBA@ 1000 ppm in powder as well as their combination. Similar trend was observed in case of shoot parameters also at 120 days as evident from the results on number of shoots cutting-1, length of longest shoot cutting-1, number of leaves cutting-1, leaf area cutting-1, fresh and dry weight of shoots cutting-1, root to shoot ratio (on dry weight basis), survival percentage of terminal cuttings at 60 and 120 DAP, absolute growth rate, number of days taken to attain a plantable size cutting-1 . The biochemical changes taken place during rooting process were significantly effected by treatments imposed on cuttings. The biochemical constituents viz., carbohydrates and nitrogen increased upto 30 DAP which declined afterwards upto 120 DAP indicating their utilization in the formation of root primordia and development of roots and shoots. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that the terminal cuttings planted in coco peat and treated with IBA@ 1000 ppm in powder form gave pronounced effect on root and shoot formation indicating its effectiveness for propagation in acid lime cv. Balaji.
  • ThesisItemUnknown
    STUDIES ON EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF STRAWBERRY (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. CAMAROSA GROWN UNDER SHADE NET CONDITIONS
    (College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University, 2020-02-15) KARRI CHANDU KARTHEEK REDDY; Dr. D. SRIHARI
    The present investigation on“Studies on effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassaDuch.) cv. Camarosa grown under shade net conditions” was carried out during Rabi season, 2018-19, under the supervision of the Department of Fruit Science, at College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. This experiment was conducted with an objective to study the effect of INM on growth, yield and quality parameters of strawberry cv. Camarosa. The experiment comprised different combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures like FYM, vermicompost and biofertilizers like Arka microbial consortium as 9 treatment combinations in randomized block design. The study revealed the significant differences ingrowth, yield and quality parameters of strawberry. Among the 9 different treatments,75% RDN + 25% N through vermicompost + Arka Microbial Consortium coco peat performed the best. The growth parameters were significantly influenced by various treatments from 30 to 120 DAP.Number of runnersplant-1, crown diameter, number of leaves plant-1,leaf area plant-1, root length andtotal dry matter production plant-1 were recorded maximum in the treatment75% RDN along with 25% N through vermicompost and Arka Microbial Consortium at 30,60,90,120 DAP respectively.The same treatment also recorded lowest plant mortality rate. Maximum NAR was recorded in the treatment 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost + Arka Microbial Consortium at 30-60 days interval, 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM at 60-90 days interval and 75% RDN + 25% N through FYM at 90-120 days interval. Highest number of flowers plant-1 , percentage of fruit set, lowest number of days taken to flower initiation and lowest number days to fruiting from date of flowering were also recorded in the treatment 75% RDN along with 25% N through vermicompost and Arka Microbial Consortium. Yield parameters liketotal number of fruits plant-1, fruit diameter, fruit weight,fruit volume, yield plant-1,yield plot-1 andfruit yield hectare-1 were recorded highest in the plants supplied with 75% RDN along with 25% N through vermicompost and Arka Microbial Consortium. Among the quality parameters shelf life , juice recovery percentage,TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars,TSS: Acid ratio,ascorbic acidand anthocyanin content were found to be highest in the treatment 75% RDN along with 25% N through vermicompost and Arka Microbial Consortium. Non- reducing sugars were found to be highest in the treatment 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost + Arka Microbial Consortium while titrable acidity was highest in the treatment 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM. Soil nutrient status was more in the treatment 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost + Arka Microbial Consortium while nutrient uptake was more in the treatment 75% RDN along with 25% N through vermicompost and Arka Microbial Consortium. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that integrated nutrient management significantly influenced growth, yield and quality characters of strawberry cv. Camarosa and the treatment with 75% RDN along with 25% N through vermicompost and Arka Microbial Consortium recorded highest values in terms of growth, yield, quality parameters and benefit cost ratio.
  • ThesisItemUnknown
    EFFECT OF ROOTING MEDIA AND IBA ON RHIZOGENESIS AND GROWTH OF TERMINAL CUTTINGS IN BER (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) Cv. APPLE BER
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE,VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM W.G. Dist. – 534 101 ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-10-19) MAHESH S S N MOKHAMATLA; Dr. A. HARSHAVARDHAN
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of rooting media and IBA on rhizogenesis and growth of terminal cuttings in ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) cv. Apple ber” was carried out during the period from October, 2018 to March, 2019 under the supervision of the Department of Fruit science, College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem. This trial was conducted in a mist chamber available at Kadiyadda village, Tadepalligudem mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh with an objective of finding out the best type of rooting media, IBA concentrations and methods of application for successful propagation. The terminal cuttings were planted in three types of media viz., coco peat, vermiculite and saw dust, treated with IBA at three concentrations i.e., 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm. Methods of application two types i.e., cuttings treated with mixture of IBA and talcum powder and cuttings treated with IBA solution for 5 minutes. The experiment was conducted in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with the above three factors at unequal levels and replicated thrice. The study revealed that significant difference among rooting media, IBA concentrations, methods of application and their interactions for different root and shoot parameters. Among the three rooting media, coco peat performed superior for different root and shoot parameters. Among the IBA concentrations and methods of application, the one at 1000 ppm with IBA solution for 5 minutes method was found to be superior among the interactions in respect of different root and shoot parameters. The root parameters were significantly influenced by main treatment factors as well as their interactions from 60 days after planting onwards. At 120 DAP, number of roots per cutting, length of the longest root per cutting, fresh weight of roots per cutting and dry weight of roots per cutting were found to be maximum in those terminal cuttings planted in coco peat media, IBA @ 1000 ppm and cuttings treated with IBA solution for 5 minutes as well as their combination. Similar trend was observed in case of shoot parameters also at 120 days as evident from the results on number of shoots per cutting, length of longest shoot per cutting, number of leaves per cutting, fresh and dry weight of shoots per cutting, root to shoot ratio (on dry weight basis). Percentage of rooted cuttings during hardening process, days to first sprouting of terminal cuttings at 45 and absolute growth rate and days taken for plantable size at 90 days after planting were recorded. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that the terminal cuttings planted in coco peat media, IBA @ 1000 ppm and cuttings treated with IBA solution for 5 minutes gave pronounced effect on root and shoot formation indicating its effectiveness for propagation in ber cv. Apple ber .
  • ThesisItemUnknown
    “STUDIES ON COMBINED INFLUENCE OF PRUNING AND EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON FLOWERING AND FRUITING BEHAVIOUR OF SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis Swingle) cv. SATHGUDI”
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE ANANTHARAJUPETA -516 105, YSR KADAPA DISTRICT ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-09-19) DUPATI ASHOK KUMAR; Dr. V.N.P. SIVA RAMA KRISHNA
    A field investigation entitled “Studies on combined influence of pruning and exogenous application of growth regulators on flowering and fruiting behaviour of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis Swingle) cv. Sathgudi” was conducted at Fruit science block, sweet orange orchard, College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Dr. Y.S.R.H.U. during the year of 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with twelve treatments with single control and replicated thrice. This interaction study was conducted with three major objectives viz, to analyze the combined influence of pruning and exogenous application of PGRs on vegetative growth, initiation of flowering, on fruiting behavior, fruit yield and quality in sweet orange. Among the different interaction treatments tested, to initiate flowering, improve behavior and quality improvement in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Swingle) cv. Sathgudi, T2 (P1C2 – Pruning 10 cm + NAA @ 100 ppm) recorded less number of days taken for flowering, more number of flowers per shoot, maximum flowering percentage, highest flower retention percentage, maximum fruit set percentage, more number of fruits per shoot, more number of fruits per tree, minimum fruit drop percentage, highest fruit yield per tree, less peel to pulp ratio, highest juice content, maximum total soluble solids, low titrable acidity, more ascorbic acid content and maximum total sugars content. Maximum shoot length and fruit length were recorded in T4 (Pruning 10 cm + GA3 @ 100 ppm). Maximum fruit volume was noticed in T1 (Pruning 10 cm + NAA @ 50 ppm). Minimum number of seeds per fruit was observed under T11 (Pruning 15 cm + 2% KNO3). Maximum fruit weight and highest reducing sugars content were recorded in T9 (Pruning 15 cm + GA3 @ 50 ppm). Highest fruit volume and maximum fruit diameter were measured under T1 (Pruning 10 cm + NAA @ 50 ppm). Less peel thickness and minimum peel weight were noticed under T12 (Pruning 15 cm + 3% KNO3). It can be concluded from the present study, those among all the interaction treatments, T2 (P1C2 – Pruning 10 cm during the second week of September + NAA @ 100 ppm in two sprays during October at fortnightly intervals) was the best for early flowering, fruit growth and development and quality parameters of sweet orange.
  • ThesisItemUnknown
    EFFECT OF INORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN COMBINATION WITH BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF BEETROOT (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. CRIMSON GLOBE
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, W.G.Dist.-534 101 Dr. Y. S. R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2019-09-14) TAMARAPALLI BALARAJU; Dr. G. NARASIMHA MURTHY
    An investigation on “Effect of inorganic fertilizers in combination with biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. Crimson Globe” was carried out during Rabi season, 2018-2019 at college farm, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The experimental design adopted was Factorial RBD. The first factor adopted was the inorganic fertilizers at three levels (100%, 75% and 50% of RDF) and the second factor was the different methods of biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB as seed treatment, soil application and seed treatment along with soil application and without biofertilizers). The experiment included 12 treatment combinations of inorganic fertilizers along with the biofertilizers. The studies on the application of inorganic fertilizers on beetroot cv. Crimson Globe revealed significant differences among the various levels. The application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (70:110:70 NPK kg/ha) recorded maximum plant height, plant spread in N-S, E-W directions, number of leaves per plant, leaf area and leaf area index, root length (10.66 cm) and diameter (6.41 cm), fresh weight of root (152.25 g) and dry weight of root (30.45 g), TSS, protein content, nitrogen uptake, phosphorus uptake and potassium uptake. The crop applied with biofertilizers, Azotobacter + PSB + KSB as seed treatment and soil application showed significant increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, leaf area index, root length (11.12 cm), root diameter (6.65 cm), yield per plot (6.30 kg), yield per hectare (21.78 t), TSS, ascorbic acid and protein content and also nutrient uptake. From the experiment it was revealed that the treatment combination of 100% RDF and biofertilizers i.e. Azotobacter + PSB + KSB as seed treatment and soil application recorded highest values in terms of growth characters viz., plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, root and yield characters viz., root length (12.33 cm), root diameter (7.21 cm), fresh weight of root (187.03 g), dry weight of root (37.40 g), harvest index (78.57%), yield per plot (7.20 kg), yield per hectare (24.92 t) and quality characters of the crop viz., TSS, ascorbic acid and protein content. The nutrient status was found to be highly influenced by various combinations of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers and recorded significant increase in terms of nitrogen uptake (118.33 kg ha-1 ), phosphorus uptake (18.18 kg ha-1 ) and potassium uptake (99.67 kg ha-1 ). This combination also recorded highest benefit cost ratio of 3.17.
  • ThesisItemUnknown
    MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM WILT PATHOGEN IN CHRYSANTHEMUM (Dendranthema grandiflorum Tzelev)
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE ANANTHARAJUPETA - 516 105, Y.S.R KADAPA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-07-08) N. UMALATHA; Dr. CH. Ruth
    The present investigation entitled ʽʽMolecular identification and management of Fusarium wilt pathogen in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Tzelev)ʼʼ was carried out at College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta during the year 2018-2019. A roving survey was conducted to record Fusarium wilt incidence under field conditions in Kadapa, Chittoor, Ananthapuramu and Kurnool of Andhra Pradesh (A.P.). The maximum mean disease incidence was observed in Kadapa district (24.68%) followed by Chittoor district (19.85%), Ananthapuramu district (15.78%), whereas, minimum mean disease incidence was observed in Kurnool district (6.95%). The wilt pathogen of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi was isolated from collar region of infected chrysanthemum plant and their pathogenicity proved. Based on cultural and morphological characters, of isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi (NCFT, 9374.18) and confirmed by National Centre for Fungal Taxonomy (NCFT), New Delhi. Molecular characterization was conducted for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi. For identification of pathogen at molecular level, the genomic DNA was amplified with universal primes ITS 1 (TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG) and ITS 4 (TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC). From the results obtained, the genomic DNA amplified at a 562 bp. Sequences were analysed through NCBI-BLAST programme database search system. BLAST (mega blast) analysis for sequence similarity of ITS rDNA region confirmed the identity of the pathogen. Sequence was deposited in NCBI, the Accession number (MK956193) for that sequence. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by using neighbour-joining method and maximum likelihood for the ITS regions. Results from the BLAST (Mega blast) data base showed, that the studied isolate have 98% similarity with Name of the author : N. UMALATHA Title of the thesis : ʽʽMolecular identification and management of Fusarium wilt pathogen in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Tzelev)ʼʼ Degree to which it is submitted : M.Sc. (HORTICULTURE) Faculty Department : : HORTICULTURE PLANT PATHOLOGY Major Advisor : Dr. Ch. RUTH University : Dr.Y.S.R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2019 Fusarium oxysporum (Genbank KJ082096.1) and Fusarium sp. (Genbank ID - KU612374.) Rhizosphere antagonists (Bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) were isolated from healthy rhizosphere soil samples collected from Kadapa, Chittoor, Ananthapuramu and Kurnool of Andhra Pradesh (A.P.). A total of 25 rhizosphere microbes were isolated. Among these, 20 isolates, seven fungi (RFA1 Phoma glomerata, RFA2 Aspergillus niger strain 1 RFA3 Aspergillus fumigates, RFA4 Aspergillus niger strain2 , RFA5 Aspergillus nidulans, RFA6 Aspergillus flavus strain 1, RFA7 Aspergillus flavus strain 2 ) three bacteria (RBA1 Bacillus cereus, RBA2 and RBA3) and three actinomycetes (RA1Streptomyces griseus, RA2 Streptomyces griseolus and RA3 Streptomyces griseoflavus)were found to exhibit antagonism against chrysanthemum wilt pathogen. Molecular identification of effective rhizosphere bacterial antagonists (RBA1) was conducted by the use of primers, 27F(AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG) and 1492R (TACGGYTACCTTGTTACGACTTS) the bacteria were identified as Bacillus cereus which have amplified at 874 base pairs. They were sequenced and the sequenced nucleotides were compared against Gen Bank database using the NCBI BLAST algorithm, the BLAST results shown the 88% similarity of the isolate (RBA 1) with Bacillus cereus. Among the rhizosphere antagonistic fungi, recorded highest inhibition over control, RFA 5- Aspergillus nidulans (84.68%), bacterial antagonist RBA 1- Bacillus cereus (65.88%) and rhizospheric actinomycetes RA1- Streptomyces griseus (70.74%) were more antagonistic against F.oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi respectively. An in vitro experiment was conducted on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi with five fungicides, viz., Copper oxy chloride 50% WDP, Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 64% WP, CuSO₄ + Lime + Water (Bordeaux mixture), Thiophanate methyl, Difenconazole 25% EC for their inhibitory effect. Among the fungicides, tested against pathogen Carbendazim + Mancozeb concentration (0.1% 0.2% 0.3%) and Difenconazole at (0.2%) showed 100 per cent inhibition against Fusarium wilt pathogen. The compatibility of the effective rhizosphere fungal antagonist Aspergillus nidulans (RFA 5) and effective rhizosphere bacterial antagonist Bacillus cereus (RBA1) to five fungicides viz., Copper oxy chloride 50% WDP, Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 64% WP, Bordeaux mixture, Thiophanate methyl, Difenconazole 25% EC were assessed. Copper oxychloride (0.3%) and Bordeaux mixture (0.5%) are more compatible with Aspergillus nidulans and Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 64% WP, Thiophanate methyl, Difenconazole 25% EC were compatible with Bacillus cereus. The most effective treatments proved effective under in vitro studies were tested against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi under pot culture conditions. Among the six treatments, recorded lowest disease incidence in the treatment T1- soil application of Streptomyces griseus (27.00%) and T2 - soil application of Streptomyces griseolus (27.25%) were the most effective antagonists respectively.
  • ThesisItemUnknown
    STUDIES ON STANDARDIZATION OF PROTEIN FORTIFIED PAPAYA BASED MIXED FRUIT BAR
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, W.G.Dist.- 534 101 ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-09-16) SATYALA LAKSHMI PRIYANKA; Dr. V. SUDHA VANI
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on standardization of protein fortified papaya based mixed fruit bar” was carried out in the Department of Post Harvest Technology at College of Horticulture, Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh during September 2018 to March 2019 with an objective to study the effect of pulp blends, packaging materials and protein concentrations on quality and shelf life of protein fortified papaya based mixed fruit bar and also to assess the economic viability of different fruit blends, packaging material and protein concentrations of papaya based mixed fruit bar. Two experiments were conducted in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with factors viz., fruit blends and packaging materials at unequal levels and replicated thrice. The physico-chemical properties and organoleptic quality of protein fortified papaya based mixed fruit bar were evaluated at 30 days intervals up to 90th day of storage period. It was observed that moisture content, total soluble solids, reducing sugars and titrable acidity showed increasing trend throughout the storage period whereas, the non-reducing sugars, total sugars, protein, ascorbic acid, beta carotene and organoleptic characteristics exhibited decreasing trend during storage of the protein fortified papaya based mixed fruit bar. In the first experiment, among the pulp blends and packaging materials, the fruit bar prepared from 50% papaya pulp+10% banana pulp+40% sapota pulp packed in PET bottles (B1P1) was superior in terms of low moisture percentage (15.10%) and better retention of TSS (81.25oB), reducing sugars (42.07%), total sugars (68.23%), non reducing sugars (26.16%), flavour (8.83), texture (8.87), taste (8.86) and overall acceptability score (8.88). The fruit bar prepared from the 100% papaya pulp (B5) recorded high content of ascorbic acid (63.86 mg/100g), beta- carotene (1595 µg/100g), colour score (8.85) and appearance score (8.92). The bar prepared with 50% papaya pulp+40% banana pulp+10% sapota pulp packed in PET bottles (B4P1) recorded the high protein (0.84%) and titrable acidity (1.53%). B:C ratio was high (3.08) in the fruit bar prepared from 50% papaya pulp+10% banana pulp+40% sapota pulp packed in LDPE covers (B1P2). In the second experiment, among the protein concentrations, the fruit bar prepared from 50% papaya pulp+10% banana pulp+40% sapota pulp fortified with 5% whey protein (C1) was recorded as most acceptable treatment throughout the storage period from initial day to 90th day of storage at ambient conditions. It has recorded higher retention of titrable acidity (1.24), taste (8.89), texture (8.87), flavour (8.89) and overall acceptability score (8.57). The fruit bar prepared with 50% papaya pulp+10% banana pulp+40% sapota pulp and fortified with 20% whey protein packed in PET bottles (C4) was observed high content of TSS (82.11oB), reducing sugars (44.53%), non reducing sugars (4.47%), total sugars (68.28%) and protein (15.48 %). The fruit bar prepared with 50% papaya pulp+10% banana pulp+40% sapota pulp fortified with 5% soya protein (C5) has recorded low moisture content (15.57%), ascorbic acid (43.06 mg/100g), high colour and appearance values (8.85 and 8.89), respectively. Maximum B:C ratio (2.80) was recorded in the fruit bar prepared with 50% papaya pulp+10% banana pulp+40% sapota pulp and fortified with 20 % whey protein packed in PET bottles (C4).