EFFECT OF SEED TREATMENTS WITH BIOAGENTS, BOTANICALS AND FUNGICIDES ON SEED QUALITY AND YIELD OF GREEN GRAM VARIETIES
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Date
2012
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ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract
Laboratory and field experiments were conducted at Department of Seed Science
and Technology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during 2011- 2012
with three varieties of green gram viz., LGG-460, LGG-407 and TM 96-2 obtained from
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam Farm, Guntur. The seed was treated with
bioagents (Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens), botanical (neem oil),
fungicide (captan), irradiations (gamma irradiation - 30 Gy and gamma irradiation - 40 Gy)
and maintained untreated seeds (control). After treatment the seeds were sown in the field
with three replications adopting split plot design in order to find out the effect of seed
treatments on field emergence, seed and seedling diseases and diseases and yield under
field conditions at different crop growth stages. Treated seed of three green gram varieties
were packed in gunny bag, cloth bag and polythene bag (700gauge) for assessment of
germination, seedling vigour, moisture content, total fungal colonies and electrical
conductivity of seed leachates and data were subjected to Factorial experiment laid out in
Completely Randomized Design (FCRD).
Observations on germination percentage, seedling vigour, moisture content, total
fungal colonies and electrical conductivity of the seed leachates, field emergence index,
seedling mortality, disease incidence at different crop growth stages and yield were
recorded. Germination percentage and seedling vigour were high in seeds treated with
captan or T. viride in all the varieties particularly in LGG-460. However total fungal
colonies, electrical conductivity of seed leachates were less in these treatments. Seeds
packed in vapour proof container (polythene bag) recorded better performance in extending
seed longevity and in improving the seed quality parameters of three green gram varieties.
Yield per hectare was increased in seed treatments with captan (1443 kg ha-1) or
T. viride (1377 kg ha-1). Such response was very high in LGG-460. The additional increase
in yield per hectare over control were 196, 75, 32, 262, 78, 167 kg in T. viride @ 10 g kg-1
seed, P. fluorescens @ 10 g kg -1, neem oil @10 ml kg -1, captan @ 3 g kg -1, gamma
irradiation @ 30 Gy and gamma irradiation @40 Gy. Irrespective of varieties, seeds treated
with captan or T. viride recorded significantly higher yield over untreated control (1181 kg
ha-1) and other seed treatments viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens (1256 kg ha-1), neem oil
(1213 kg ha-1), Gamma radiation-30 Gy (1259 kg ha-1) and Gamma radiation – 40 Gy (1348
kg ha-1).
Thus it is recommended that seed treatments in green gram either with captan or
T. viride were found effective and beneficial to the farmers in reducing the incidence of
seed borne pathogens viz., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer
Curvularia lunata, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium sps. Fusarium sps. and
Colletotrichum sp. and getting better quality seed and yield in three green gram varieties.
The yield enhancement was due to lesser incidence of seed and seedling diseases, optimum
plant stand, higher germination, seedling vigour of three green gram varieties.
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Keywords
pesticides, markets, crops, area, productivity, sales, land resources, fruits, selection, economics