EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS ON YIELD, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND QUALITY IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF CANE TRASH AND MYCORRHIZAE IN SUGARCANE.
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Date
2013
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ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract
The study entitled “ Effect of different levels of phosphorus on yield, nutrient uptake,
quality in the presence and absence of cane trash and mycorrhizae in sugarcane” was conducted
during 2010-2012 on sandy clay loam soil of Regional Agricultural Research station, Anakapalle
with the objectives to study the effect of inorganic P in combination with cane trash and
mycorrhizae on cane and sugar yield; quality of cane juice and jaggery; nutrient uptake and
contribution to the soil nutrient status. The plant crop grown during 2010-2011 was ratooned
during 2011-2012 and simultaneously a second plant crop was taken along with ratoon crop.
There were 16 treatments with four main levels and four sub levels. The main treatments
consisted of control (M1), mycorrhizae alone @ 12.5 kg ha-1 (M2), cane trash @ 3 t ha-1 plus
mycorrhizae @ 12.5 kg ha-1 (M3), cane trash alone @ 3 t ha-1 (M4). The sub levels consisted of
four levels of phosphorus 0 (P0), 50 (P1), 100 kg (P2) and 150 (P3) kg P2O5 ha-1 respectively.
Observations on germination percentage, growth attributes, dry matter production,
yield attributes, nutrient content in leaf and sheath, uptake of major and micro nutrients, juice
quality, jaggery quality, microbial population in soil at different stages (mycorrhizae root
colonization and spore count, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population), phosphorus
fractions in soil, the changes occurred in sugarcane trash during decomposition process, nutrient
availability in post harvest soil and the correlations between different parameters were recorded.
The trash applied at the time of planting was a 60 day old product decomposed by the
application of EM1 culture consisting of five different species Aspergillus flavipes, Penicillium
chrysogenum, Cochliobolus spicifer, Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma viridae. The C/N ratio
reduced within a period of 60 days to 14.4 :1 due to mineralization.
Growth characters such as shoot population at 90, 150, 240 days after planting and
number of millable canes at harvest, dry matter production at different stages of plant and ratoon
crops, sheath moisture, cane yield and sugar yield were significantly higher with the application
of 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 in combination with cane trash plus mycorrhizae. It also had a significant
impact on millable canes and cane yield and resulted in significantly higher yield of 118, 119 and
94 t ha-1 respectively than their individual application in both plant crops and ratoon crop. Sheath
moisture percentage which is an important parameter in deciding the cane yield was significantly
influenced by the application of mycorrhizae and cane trash at formative and grand growth
stages. Highest sheath moisture was recorded at 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 application in the combination
of mycorrhizae and cane trash and this was positively and significantly correlated with cane
yield. P content in sheath was also higher in this combination of treatments in both the years.
However, P levels did not influence the uptake of N, P and K at formative stage in both the years
of plant crop and in ratoon crop. At the same time, application of mycorrhizae and cane trash
significantly increased the N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu uptake at grand growth stage and maturity
stages.
Conjunctive use of cane trash and mycorrhizae across the inorganic P levels reduced the
glucose percent to 0.72 and 0.69 as against 0.96 and 0.84 in their absence in plant and ratoon
crops. The jaggery recovery on juice weight was not influenced by the application of
phosphorus both in plant and ratoon crops.
The juice sucrose, CCS per cent was not influenced by P levels but purity per cent was
maximum with 150 kg P2O5 ha-1 the values being 88.8 in plant crop and 85.6 in ratoon crop.
Application of cane trash plus mycorrhizae influenced juice sucrose, CCS% and purity of cane
juice. The phosphorus content in cane juice was higher with 150 kg P2O5 ha-1 in presence of cane
trash plus mycorrhizae. The glucose per cent was not influenced by P but the lowest value of
0.76 and 0.69 was with cane trash and mycorrhizae respectively in plant crop and ratoon. The pH
in sugarcane juice was not affected by phosphorus levels, cane trash plus mycorrhizae.
The jaggery recovery on juice weight was not influenced by P levels in plant and ratoon
crops but application of cane trash plus mycorrhizae influenced the jaggery recovery. The %
scum removed on cane weight and juice weight was lower with 50 kg P2O5 ha-1when applied in
combination with cane trash plus mycorrhizae. The lowest moisture, colour and hardness,
reducing sugars β carotene, thiamine and iron were higher with 50 kg P2O5 ha-1, cane trash plus
mycorrhizae both in plant and ratoon crops.
The mycorrhizal root colonization and spore count of mycorrhizae was inferior with higher
P levels but superior with cane trash plus mycorrhizae at all stages both in plant and ratoon
crops. The bacterial count, fungal and actinomycetes population was superior with 50 kg P2O5
ha-1, cane trash plus mycorrhizae.
The post harvest soil analysis indicated that the pH, E.C and organic carbon were not
influenced by P levels but influenced with cane trash plus mycorrhizae . The available N, P, K,
Mn and Fe; also the available P, total P and fractions of phosphorus were maximum with 150 kg
P2O5 ha-1 and cane trash plus mycorrhizae. The Fe-P, Al-P were negatively correlated to
available P and positively correlated to Ca-P. The available P showed a positive correlation with
total P and negatively correlated to mycorrhizal root colonization.
Application of 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 in combination with cane trash and mycorrhizae was
found to be significantly superior in increasing the yield attributes and yield parameters, quality
of both juice and jaggery but also had a positive and significant influence on the chemical and
biological properties of the soil
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Keywords
wells, economic systems, biological phenomena, manpower, imports, economics, area, sampling, developmental stages, animal husbandry